A Morphological Study of the Adult Jar Coffins of the Yayoi Period

这项研究旨在调查一类考古文物的性质和特征。选用日本北方九州地区弥生时代的瓮棺为材料。弥生时代被广泛认为见证了社会分层和社会复杂性的迅速增加，这是由系统地采用稻田农业引发的。这一时期物质产品的生产也被推断为半专业化或完全专业化，这似乎是非常复杂的结果，通常见于陶器产品，包括罐棺。作为陶器，它们的尺寸非常大，所采用的制陶技术似乎是标准化和复杂的，以至于一些学者认为它们是由专门的制陶工人/工匠制造的。然而，除了一些明显的例外，必须指出的是，究竟有多复杂和标准化的灌封技术所采用的还没有主题。 ...更多信息 进行了系统的审查。本研究旨在填补这一空白，通过对九州北方弥生时代中期瓮棺内部和内部变异的形态性质和特征进行研究，得出以下显著结论：1.瓮棺内部变异主要表现在表面处理技术、时代形状和瓮棺上泥带形状等方面。这表明，许多陶工参与了棺材的生产，这些棺材在形态上大致相同。3这些渐变群的空间格局随着时间的推移而发生变化。4上述1和2表明，瓮棺与当时的日用陶罐完全相同。5 3以上表明，瓮棺的生产和相关事项（如丧葬仪式程序）的信息交换系统随着时间的推移而变化。6通过借鉴这些结果，研究初步得出结论，瓮棺的生产系统没有达到复杂和标准化的程度，可以被描述为“全工艺专业化”。少

This research aimed at investigating the nature and character of a category of archaeological artifacts. The jar coffins of the Yayoi period Northern Kyushu region of Japan were chosen as the material. The Yayoi period is widely accepted to have witnessed social stratification and a rapid increase of social complexity ignited by the systematic adoption of rice paddy field agriculture. The production of material items in the period is also inferred to have been semi- or fully-specialized from seemingly highly sophisticated outcomes typically seen in pottery products including the jar coffins. They are exceptionally large in size as earthen wares, and the potting techniques employed are seemingly standardized and sophisticated to the extent that some scholars conclude that they were manufactured by specialized potters/artisans. However, with some notable exceptions, it has to be noted that exactly how sophisticated and standardized the potting techniques employed were have not been subje … More cted to systematic scrutiny. The objective of this research was to fill this vacuum by investigating the morphological nature and character of the intra- and inter-site variability of the jar coffins of the Middle Yayoi period Northern Kyushu.The notable outcomes arc as follows :1 The intra-site variability can most significantly be observed in such attributes as 1)surface finishing technique, 2)the shape of the time, and 3)the shape of the clay band applied on the body. This suggests that a number of potters were involved in the production of the coffins which were morphologically broadly identical.2 The inter-site variability shows that there existed a number of geographical clines which can be grasped as mutually-overlapping distribution areas of morphological sub-categories of the jar coffins.3 These clines were changed through time in their spatial patternings.4 1 and 2 above suggest that the production system of the jar coffins are identical to that of the contemporary pots for daily use.5 3 above suggests that the system of information exchange concerning the production of the jar coffins and related matters such as the procedure of mortuary rituals changed through time.6 By drawing upon these outcomes the research tentatively concluded that the production system of the jar coffins did not quite reach the degree of sophistication and standardization which can be characterized as "full craft specialization". Less