A Morphological Study of the Adult Jar Coffins of the Yayoi Period

这项研究旨在调查一类考古文物的性质和特征。材料选择了弥生时代的日本九州北部地区的瓮棺。弥生时代被广泛认为是社会分层和社会复杂性迅速增加的见证，这是由稻田农业的系统采用引起的。从包括罐棺在内的陶器产品中通常看到的看似高度复杂的结果来看，这一时期的材料生产也被推断为半专业化或完全专业化。作为陶器，它们的尺寸特别大，所采用的灌制技术似乎是标准化和复杂的，以至于一些学者得出结论，它们是由专门的陶工/工匠制造的。然而，除了一些值得注意的例外，必须指出的是，所采用的灌封技术究竟有多复杂和标准化，并没有受到系统的审查。本研究的目的是通过调查九州北部弥生中期罐棺的形态性质和遗址内和遗址间变异的特征来填补这一空白。值得注意的结果如下：1)场地内的可变性可以在以下属性中最显著地观察到：1)表面整理技术，2)时间形状，以及3)涂抹在身体上的粘土带的形状。这表明，许多陶工参与了棺材的制作，这些棺材在形态上大致相同遗址间变异性表明，存在着许多地理线，这些地理线可以理解为罐棺形态亚类相互重叠的分布区域这些曲线的空间模式随着时间的推移而改变。上述41和2表明，罐棺的生产系统与当代日常使用的罐棺相同。5 .上述情况表明，坛子棺材的制作以及诸如丧葬仪式的程序等相关事项的信息交换制度随着时间的推移而发生了变化根据这些结果，研究初步得出结论，坛子棺材的生产系统还没有达到“完全的工艺专业化”的复杂和标准化程度。少

This research aimed at investigating the nature and character of a category of archaeological artifacts. The jar coffins of the Yayoi period Northern Kyushu region of Japan were chosen as the material. The Yayoi period is widely accepted to have witnessed social stratification and a rapid increase of social complexity ignited by the systematic adoption of rice paddy field agriculture. The production of material items in the period is also inferred to have been semi- or fully-specialized from seemingly highly sophisticated outcomes typically seen in pottery products including the jar coffins. They are exceptionally large in size as earthen wares, and the potting techniques employed are seemingly standardized and sophisticated to the extent that some scholars conclude that they were manufactured by specialized potters/artisans. However, with some notable exceptions, it has to be noted that exactly how sophisticated and standardized the potting techniques employed were have not been subje … More cted to systematic scrutiny. The objective of this research was to fill this vacuum by investigating the morphological nature and character of the intra- and inter-site variability of the jar coffins of the Middle Yayoi period Northern Kyushu.The notable outcomes arc as follows :1 The intra-site variability can most significantly be observed in such attributes as 1)surface finishing technique, 2)the shape of the time, and 3)the shape of the clay band applied on the body. This suggests that a number of potters were involved in the production of the coffins which were morphologically broadly identical.2 The inter-site variability shows that there existed a number of geographical clines which can be grasped as mutually-overlapping distribution areas of morphological sub-categories of the jar coffins.3 These clines were changed through time in their spatial patternings.4 1 and 2 above suggest that the production system of the jar coffins are identical to that of the contemporary pots for daily use.5 3 above suggests that the system of information exchange concerning the production of the jar coffins and related matters such as the procedure of mortuary rituals changed through time.6 By drawing upon these outcomes the research tentatively concluded that the production system of the jar coffins did not quite reach the degree of sophistication and standardization which can be characterized as "full craft specialization". Less