Self-determination right on the medical treatment in France

知情同意的基本价值是什么？--知情同意与自决权的关系问题。在法国医疗法中，身体完整性原则作为公共政策而居于首位，并主导着医疗自主权。知情同意是不可或缺的，但还不够：医疗利益上级知情同意（与英美法不同），公共秩序（ordre public）与个人改变身体的愿望发生冲突。这是医事法上的一个基本问题。疾病的概念有可能变得多变，并超过“需要医疗”，当一个心理因素，可能导致“欲望充分的医疗”（如整容手术，变性）进入那里。与个人意图相对应，与科学和医学的发展相对应，“医疗必要性”的标准变得更加灵活。在法国，传统上将实验分为有医疗目的的实验和无医疗目的的实验。从患者权利的角度来看，这一点具有重要意义。然而，1988年的《胡里特法》以知情同意原则为后一种类型的实验提供了理由。这是一场法律的革命。一个病人或一个实验对象同意不成为他们的利润，也就是说，成为受害者：--《自由法》赋予了这一新含义的“同意原则”，取代了传统的保护自己的“医疗利益”原则，而且，身体完整性原则除了适用于活人的身体外，还适用于死者的身体，米约医生在脑死亡病人身上做实验后

What is the fundamental value of Informed Consent? ---It is the problem of the relation between Informed Consent and Self-determination. In the French medical law, the Principle of integrity of the body (Principes de l'integrite du corps humaine) comes to the front as the public policy (ordre public) and dominate the Self-determination. Informed Consent is indispensable and essential, but not enough : Medical Treatment profits is superior to the Informed Consent (differently from the American and English Law).The public order (ordre public) collides with desire of the individual who wants to change his body. This is a fundamental problem on the medical law. The concept of illness has a risk of becoming variable and exceeding "Necessity for medical treatment (necessite therapeutique)", when a psychological element which may lead to "desire sufficiency medical treatment"(e.g. cosmetic surgery, transsexualism) enters there. Corresponding to an individual intention, corresponding to development of science and medicine, the standard of "Necessity for medical treatment" becomes still more fluid.In France, the experiment has been traditionally bisected to the experiment with the medical treatment purpose, and the experiment without the medical treatment purpose. There was an important meaning in this from the viewpoint of a patient's rights. However, the Huriet Act of 1988 justified the latter type of experiment by the Informed consent principle. This is a legal revolution. A patient or a subject of experiment consents to what does not become their profits, that is, to falling victim: -- This "consent principle" to which the Huriet Act has given such a new meaning has superseded the traditional rule of "the profits of medical treatment" for protecting oneself.Besides, The Principle of integrity physical extends to the body of a dead person in addition to the body of living person, after Dr. Milhaud case in which he experimented on the brain death patient.