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Self-determination right on the medical treatment in France

法国医疗自决权

基本信息

批准号：
15530083
负责人：
OKAWARA Yoshio
金额：
$ 0.45万
依托单位：
Fukuoka Institute of Technology
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2003
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2003 至 2004
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-15530083/
关键词：
Imformed consent Integrity of the body Person Necessity for Medical Treatment Medical Treatment profits (purpose)medical action Self-determination and public policy Equilibrium proportionality 自己決定公序個人の自律フランス法医療身体の不可触・不可傷性

项目摘要

What is the fundamental value of Informed Consent? ---It is the problem of the relation between Informed Consent and Self-determination. In the French medical law, the Principle of integrity of the body (Principes de l'integrite du corps humaine) comes to the front as the public policy (ordre public) and dominate the Self-determination. Informed Consent is indispensable and essential, but not enough : Medical Treatment profits is superior to the Informed Consent (differently from the American and English Law).The public order (ordre public) collides with desire of the individual who wants to change his body. This is a fundamental problem on the medical law. The concept of illness has a risk of becoming variable and exceeding "Necessity for medical treatment (necessite therapeutique)", when a psychological element which may lead to "desire sufficiency medical treatment"(e.g. cosmetic surgery, transsexualism) enters there. Corresponding to an individual intention, corresponding to development of science and medicine, the standard of "Necessity for medical treatment" becomes still more fluid.In France, the experiment has been traditionally bisected to the experiment with the medical treatment purpose, and the experiment without the medical treatment purpose. There was an important meaning in this from the viewpoint of a patient's rights. However, the Huriet Act of 1988 justified the latter type of experiment by the Informed consent principle. This is a legal revolution. A patient or a subject of experiment consents to what does not become their profits, that is, to falling victim: -- This "consent principle" to which the Huriet Act has given such a new meaning has superseded the traditional rule of "the profits of medical treatment" for protecting oneself.Besides, The Principle of integrity physical extends to the body of a dead person in addition to the body of living person, after Dr. Milhaud case in which he experimented on the brain death patient.

知情同意的基本价值是什么？ ——这是知情同意与自决的关系问题。在法国医疗法中，身体完整性原则（Principes de l'integrite du corps humaine）作为公共政策（ordre public）走在前面，并主导着自决。知情同意是不可缺少和必要的，但还不够：医疗利润优于知情同意（与美国和英国的法律不同）。公共秩序（ordre public）与想要改变身体的个人的愿望发生冲突。这是医疗法的一个根本问题。当可能导致“欲望充足的医疗”（例如整容手术、变性欲）的心理因素进入疾病的概念时，疾病的概念就有变得可变并超过“医疗的必要性（necessite therapeutique）”的风险。与个人意愿相对应，与科学和医学的发展相对应，“医疗必要性”的标准变得更加流动。在法国，实验传统上分为有医疗目的的实验和无医疗目的的实验。从患者权利的角度来看，这具有重要意义。然而，1988 年的 Huriet 法案通过知情同意原则证明了后一种实验的合理性。这是一场法律革命。病人或实验对象同意不会成为他们利益的东西，即成为受害者：——《休里特法案》赋予这种新含义的“同意原则”已经取代了保护自己的“医疗利益”的传统规则。此外，在米约博士对脑死亡患者进行实验的案例之后，身体完整性原则除了适用于活人的身体外，还延伸到了死者的身体。