Toward Reconstruction of Political Economy : A Synthetic Study of Ideas and Institutions by Economics, Political Science, and Jurisprudence

在这个研究项目中，我们得到的结论如下。首先，政治体制与经济体制、经济发展与经济后果之间没有完全对应。但民主政治体制要求市场经济。其次，市场经济的理念是自由和效率，另一方面，民主的理念是尊重人格和公平。福利国家一直在寻求调和这两种思想的可能性，但要实现它们的实际兼容性，必须具备几个严峻的条件。一般来说，民主理念与市场经济理念是矛盾的，市场体制与民主也经常发生冲突。第三，为了克服市场失灵而出现的政府陷入了另一种失灵。也许平等主义政策无法通过民主制度实现。个别研究的具体结果如下：首先……其次，考虑到政治经济学的方法论，我们证实了在我们促进政治学、经济学和法学之间扩大对话时，明确实证理论和规范理论的作用的必要性。其次，分配/再分配政策和教育政策的政治要求与经济绩效无关，与平均主义结论或优先主义结论没有直接联系。第三，思想史上的重要原则如何与实际的制度设计相联系，取决于各国的历史条件与现有制度的价值观念之间的相关性。第四，重新审视社会契约理论，明确了社会契约和平等主义在制度设计中的作用。第五，社会契约理论的前瞻性议程是社会制度契约所蕴含的合作理念与现代公共、隐私等理念的一致性。重新审视约翰·罗默对规范理论的批判，我们推进了关于“无知之幕”在推导正义原则中的作用的研究。第六，将正义原则的公理化研究应用于代际公平问题的最大化原则案例。少

The conclusion which we obtain in this research project is as follows. First, there is no complete correspondence between the political system and the economic system as well as the economic development, and the economic consequence. But the democratic political system requests market economy. Second, idea of market economy is freedom and efficiency, on the other hand, idea of democracy is respect of personality and fairness. The possibility of reconciling both ideas had been pursued by the welfare state, but several severe conditions are necessarily required in their actual compatibility. Generally speaking, idea of democracy contradicts idea of market economy, and also the market system and democracy are often conflicting with each other. Third, the government which appears in order to overcome the market failure comes into another type of failure. Perhaps egalitarian policies cannot be achieved by democratic systems.The concrete results of individual researches are as follows. First … More , with the consideration regarding the methodology of political economy, we verified the necessity which makes clear the role of positive theory and normative theory when we promote expanded dialogue among the political science, economics, and jurisprudence. Second, political requirement of distribution/redistribution policy and education policy is decided irrespectively of the economic performance, and does not connect directly to egalitarianism conclusion or prioritarianism conclusion. Third, how the important principles in the history of thought are related with the actual system design depends on the correlation between historical conditions of each country and value idea of the existing system. Forth, when we reexamined social contract theory, the role of social contract and the egalitarianism in system designing was made clear. Fifth, the forward-looking agenda in social contract theory is consistency between the concept of cooperation imbedded in the contract of the social system and the modern ideas such as the concept of the public as well as privacy. John Roemer's criticism to the normative theory being reexamined, we have advanced the research regarding the role of"the veil of ignorance" to derive justice principles. Sixth, the axiomatic research of justice principles was applied to the case of the maximin principle for the problem of equity between the generations. Less