Research on the Changes in Work and Social Structure and the Japanese Social Protection System, with Special Attention to Female Labor and Family

社会保障制度在通过公共养老金和就业保险制度进行分配或从家庭收取社会保障费和税收时，采取隐性家庭模式。该项目研究了家庭或个人如何根据工作历史（正式雇员或非正式雇员）以及根据家庭历史（已婚、无子女等）受到不同的对待。为了做到这一点，实际领取的养老金以及税收和社会保障负担是使用统计局调查的全国消费和资产调查计算的日本政府。结果表明，该制度隐含了全职或低收入家庭主妇和男性核心收入者的假设，不鼓励已婚女性在一定的收入点工作。公共养恤金收据还表明，大多数妇女养恤金收据大约是基本养恤金，但不超过基本养恤金，在某些情况下， ...更多信息 为了将日本的情况与其他国家进行比较，国际社会调查方案（ISSP）《2002年性别角色II》旨在了解不同国家的平均妻子和丈夫的角色有何不同。我们对不同国家的夫妻幸福感是否在家庭为单一收入家庭或共同收入家庭时有所不同进行了比较。有趣的是，在许多欧洲国家，当夫妻收入份额大致相同时，夫妻更幸福，而在日本，当丈夫的收入份额占主导地位时，夫妻更幸福。然后，对东亚经济体，即日本，韩国和中国进行比较，女性劳动力供给与家庭事件的关系，探讨女性间歇性的工作行为和对全职主妇的青睐是否是一种“东亚文化”研究了消费税超过所得税用于基本养老金的分配效应，以及模拟了妇女选择全职工作、非标准工作和无工作时的劳动力供给和可能获得的公共养老金。少

Social Protection System assumes implicit family model when it makes its allocation such as through public pension and employment insurance system or when it takes social security premium and taxes from households. The project makes researches on how family or individual is treated differently according to one's work history, either regular employee or non-standard employee, and according to family history, whether married, childless and so on. In order to do so, actual pension receipt as well as tax and social security burden is calculated for the total population using the National Survey on Consumption and Asset surveyed by Statistics Bureau of the Japanese Government. The result shows that the system implicitly assumes full-time or low earning housewives and male core income earner, discouraging married female to work over a certain income point. The public pension receipt also shows that majority of female pension receipt is about Basic Pension but no more and also in some cases f … More amily internal transfer compensate for no receipt of public pension.In order to compare the situation in Japan with other countries, International Social Survey Program(ISSP) Gender Roles II 2002 is to see how average wife and husband's role differs in different nations. We made comparison of different countries on whether husband's and wife's happiness differs when the household is single earner households or shared income households. Interestingly, in many European countries, the couples are happier when income share is about the same between couples, and in Japan, the couples are happier when the husband's income share dominates.Then, comparison within East Asian economies, namely, Japan, Korea, and China is made, on female labor supply and family events to see whether women's intermittent work behavior and favor of full-time housewife is an "East Asian culture" or not.Researches are also made on distribution effect on the use of consumption tax over income tax to fund the Basic Pension, as well as simulation on women's labor supply and likely receipt of public pension by her choice of full-time work, non-standard work and no-work. Less