Multi-layer Characteristics of Road Space : Land, Water, and Air Relationships

1.本研究以迄今为止有关四国朝圣之路的各种研究成果为基础，旨在分析二战后日本快速的社会经济变革和机动化进程中，四国朝圣之路在道路发展和改善计划中的系统再生产过程。在分析中，这些过程与二战后日本社会变化的宏观特征，即人口平均年龄较高、社会风险较高、社会信息化等关系密切。在这方面，本研究以四国朝圣之路为象征性的例子，试图追溯当代社会道路空间的多层次再生产过程。在陆上、海上和空中的旅行空间中，包括四国的通道及其重组过程和具有不同意义的十字路口，人们在这些地方与四国的朝圣之路一起进行宗教信仰、观光、步行、历史、文化等。事实上，这些都是四国朝圣之路多层次空间构成的再现，我们的任务是澄清它们在当代社会中的意义。2003财年，为把握陆海天等物理空间与文化意义空间的关系，选择合适的区域，收集文献资料，进行访谈，厘清国家、地市三级道路管理政策与道路使用者道路空间构成的关系。被选为候选人的自治市包括：爱媛县的山之市、土佐清水市、龟岛乡、小松岛乡、神渊县。2004财政年度，在强调陆、海、空三个特殊维度的同时，试图把握二战后道路空间构成及其作为社会文化意义十字路口的重组过程，包括提高出行效率、转向观光行为、开发和改善自然步道、向传统文化取向、努力实现世界遗产地位等。因此，在与选定地区的其他道路的关系中，我们的目标是在为研究设置的坐标内描绘朝圣道路的多空间组成。结果表明：(1)由于进入四国的方式（特别是航空和公路路网）的变化，朝圣道路的空间构成呈现出统一的趋势；(2)道路的双向极化，一方面使汽车道路网络的发展使交通更加便利，另一方面仍使部分地区交通更加困难。这最终形成了朝圣之路在社会文化意义上的对抗性定位特征，这在搜索结果中得到了证实。少

1.Based on various research results concerning the Pilgrimage Roads in Shikoku to date, the purpose of this research is to analyze the systematic reproduction processes of the Pilgrimage Roads in Shikoku in line with the road development and improvement plans, as Japan went through rapid social and economic changes and the motorization in the post World War II period. In the analyses, these processes were viewed in relationships with macroscopic characteristics of the post-World War II social changes in Japan, namely : the higher average age of the population, higher risks in the society, information-oriented society and so on. In this regard, the research has been an attempt to trace back the multi-level reproduction processes of the road spaces in the contemporary society with the Pilgrimage Roads in Shikoku as a symbolic example. Special attention has been paid to the differences among the idiosyncrasies of the experiences in the physical spaces that support the human transportation … More in the travel spaces on land, sea, and air, including the accesses to Shikoku and their reorganization processes and their crossroads with various meanings places by people on such things are religious beliefs, sightseeing, walking, history, culture and so on with the Pilgrimage Roads in Shikoku. These are, in fact, reproduction of the multiple-level space composition of the Pilgrimage Roads in Shikoku and our task was to clarify their meanings in the contemporary society.2.In FY 2003, with the objective of selecting appropriate regions for grasping the relationships between physical spaces that include land, sea, and sky and the cultural meaning spaces, references were collected and interviews were conducted for clarifying the relationships between the road administration policies on the national, prefectural and municipal levels and road space composition by the road users. The municipalities that were selected as candidates include Sanuki City, Tosa-shimizu City, Kamoshima Township, Komatushima Township, and Kami-Uniana County of Ehime Prefecture.3.In FY 2004, while placing emphases on three special dimensions of land, sea, and air, an attempt was made to grasp the road space composition in the post-WWII period and its re-organization processes as cross-roads of social and cultural meanings in terms of improved efficiency of travel, shifts in behaviors toward sightseeing, development and improvement of natural promenades, orientation toward traditional culture, efforts to achieve world heritage status, etc. Thus, in relationship with other roads in the regions selected, our aim was to depict the multiple-spatial composition of the Pilgrimage Roads within the coordinates set for the research. As results, two tendencies emerged : (1) There is a trend for unification of spatial composition of pilgrimage road as results of changes in the access methods to Shikoku (especially air travel and highway road networks) ; and (2) bi-polarization of accesses made much more easier through development of automobile road networks on the one hand and still difficult access in some regions on the other. This culminated in characteristics as the antagonistic localization in the social and cultural meanings of the Pilgrimage Roads, which were confirmed with there search results. Less