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Theoretical and Empirical studies of Gender Development from the view point of Life-span Development

终身发展视角下性别发展的理论与实证研究

基本信息

批准号：
15530424
负责人：
YUKAWA Takako
金额：
$ 1.41万
依托单位：
Nara University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2003
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2003 至 2005
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-15530424/
关键词：
Mechanism of gender development life-span development biological sex difference socio-cultural sex difference androgyny transition of gender cognition gender cognition in aged person gender cognition in college students )ジェンダー認識の時代的推移大学

项目摘要

The purpose of this research project was to reconstruct a theory and a paradigm of social development of gender from the life-span developmental viewpoint. The project consisted of three studies. The first study was to confirm a predicted transition or change of social stereotype cognition of gender from a traditional to an innovative cognition in Japanese students for the last twenty years. Data were collected in the 1970s and the 1990s. Different samples of 1,000 college students (about half were females) participated in each time period. A questionnaire was consisted of fifty adjectives that represented typical gender personality traits in Japanese culture during the 1970s. The main results supported the prediction. Girls showed a distinguishable change toward the egalitarianism.The second study was to examine the relationship between psychological androgyny and successful aging. Thirty aged male and female adults were given two types of questionnaires. The first type of questionnaire was consisted of three scales, Health, Life-satisfaction, and Self-esteem. The second was consisted of Bem's Sex-Role Inventory (BSRI). Finally, they were asked to recall their past life on dimension of gender, that is, their own past life as a male (or a female) by free recall. About half of the male and female participants were classified into androgynous person, respectively. Although they have not clearly attained successful aging, case studies based on the free recall of their past life suggested that androgynous persons were under the process of successful aging.The third study was a preliminary examination of effects of teaching to make a change from conservative cognition toward egalitarian ones in college students. The results did not show any clear effects of the teaching.

本研究的目的是从终身发展的观点出发，重新建构性别社会发展的理论与范式。该项目包括三项研究。第一项研究是为了证实过去20年来日本学生对性别的社会刻板印象认知从传统认知到创新认知的预测转变或变化。数据收集于1970年代和1990年代。不同的样本1,000名大学生（约一半是女性）参加了每个时间段。一份调查问卷由50个形容词组成，这些形容词代表了20世纪70年代日本文化中典型的性别人格特征。主要结果支持了这一预测。研究二是探讨心理双性化与成功老化的关系。30名男性和女性成年人被给予两种类型的问卷。第一类问卷由健康、生活满意度和自尊三个量表组成。第二部分为Bem性别角色量表（BSRI）。最后，要求被试在性别维度上回忆自己的前世，即通过自由回忆的方式回忆自己作为男性（或女性）的前世。大约一半的男性和女性参与者被归类为雌雄同体的人，分别。虽然他们还没有明确地达到成功老龄化，但基于自由回忆过去生活的个案研究表明，雌雄同体的人正在经历成功老龄化的过程。第三个研究是对大学生从保守认知向平等认知转变的教学效果的初步检验。结果并没有显示出任何明显的教学效果。