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Pathogenesis and psychological intervention for delusional Ideation

妄想的发病机制及心理干预

基本信息

批准号：
15530444
负责人：
TANNO Yoshihiko
金额：
$ 2.3万
依托单位：
University of Tokyo
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2003
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2003 至 2005
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-15530444/
关键词：
Delusional Ideation Schizophrenia Bayesian analysis 心の理論

项目摘要

The present study examined the two major hypotheses on the pathogenesis of delusional ideation, a) jumping to conclusion bias and b) causal attribution bias.Deluded schizophrenic patients were found to request less information before reaching a decision and to express higher certainty levels than the control groups. This reasoning bias was called jumping to conclusion bias from the point of view of Bayesian statistics. In the present study, jumping to conclusion bias in delusion-prone college students and schizophrenic patients were examined by the probabilistic judgmental task. Schizophrenic patients and normal college students participate in the studies. Normal college students were divided into the high delusional students and low delusional students using the Peters Delusional Inventory. In the probabilistic judgmental tasks, participants were asked whether they required more draws before they came to a decision. After each draw, participants indicated the relative probabilities that they attached to the draw having come from each of the two jars. The schizophrenic patients group drew significantly less than control group. The delusion-prone college students group reached significantly higher initial posterior estimate than the schizophrenic patients group and the control group. The delusion-prone college students group reached higher certainty after tenth beads than the schizophrenic patients group. These results were consistent with the previous studies.In another studies using tasks of causal attributions, the delusion-prone college students group made more internal attribution on the positive events, whereas they made more external attribution on the negative events. These causal attribution bias can explain the pathogenesis of delusional ideation. Internal attribution on the positive events can explain the delusion of grandiose, whereas external attribution on the negative events can explain the delusion of persecution.

本研究探讨了妄想性意念的两个主要发病机制假说：（a）跳跃结论偏差和（B）因果归因偏差，结果发现，与对照组相比，精神分裂症患者在做出决定前要求的信息较少，表达的确定性水平较高。从贝叶斯统计学的角度来看，这种推理偏差被称为跳到结论偏差。本研究采用概率性判断任务，考察了妄想倾向大学生和精神分裂症患者的结论跳跃偏差。以精神分裂症患者和正常大学生为研究对象。采用Peters妄想量表将师范大学生分为高妄想组和低妄想组。在概率判断任务中，参与者被问到在做出决定之前是否需要更多的抽签。在每次抽奖之后，参与者指出他们认为抽奖来自两个罐子中的每一个的相对概率。精神分裂症患者组比对照组绘画明显减少。妄想倾向大学生组达到的初始后验估计显著高于精神分裂症患者组和对照组。有妄想倾向的大学生组比精神分裂症患者组在第10颗珠子后达到更高的确定性。在另一项使用因果归因任务的研究中，有妄想倾向的大学生群体对积极事件更多地进行内部归因，而对消极事件更多地进行外部归因。这些归因偏差可以解释妄想性意念的发病机制。对积极事件的内部归因可以解释夸大妄想，对消极事件的外部归因可以解释迫害妄想。