A research on the transition of the classroom-teacher arrangement and the change in classroom teaching

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The following result could be given by this research.(1)It is said that there are two kinds of classroom-teacher arrangement as ideal types, "the grade fixation system" and "group fixation system". As for the elementary school history of modern ages in Japan, it is thought that in the initial stage of the modern school system in Japan the grade fixation system was adopted widely as a basic form of classroom-teacher arrangement. But, after the introduction of the new organization system of class(a pupil group) at the 24th year of Meiji era, "group fixation system" became rapidly popular and in short time that was thought as the ideal type of the classroom teacher arrangement. But it was hard to maitain "group fixation system" by shortage of talented teacher in the days during and, in addition, by the postwar democratization after the war. The education ideology of the system, "the charactor building through adjustment of the human relations in classroom and school" was succeeded to, so … More that it might be pursued in the curriculum area that was afterward called by "special activities."(2)The percentage of schools in which the classroom teacher are rearranged periodicaly in every year(1 year arragement) was a little over 40% from the investigation in. which 831 elementary schools in the whole country filled out the questionnaire. the investigation also showed that in late 5 years the term of rearrangement is rapidly shortened.(3)Through reaearch of the public documents of the term from the early Meiji era to Showa prewar era which are stored in Matsumoto City Musium "kyu-Kaitigakkou", it is proved that there are the tendency that the cycle of rearragemet of classroom teacher turns gradually longer and at last it was not exceptional that same teachers were in charge of same classes through a term from entrance to graduation, that's full "fixation".As the result, we have cleared the process of formation and the collapse of the thought, which is to strengthen relationship between teachers and children, and children in classrooms by classroom teacher fixation system and, later, the new curriculum field, named "special activities". Less