A research on the transition of the classroom-teacher arrangement and the change in classroom teaching

课堂—教师安排的变迁与课堂教学的变革研究

• 批准号: 15530492
• 负责人: ENDO Tadashi
• 金额: $ 1.73万
• 依托单位: Utsunomiya University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 2003
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2003 至 2005
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-15530492/
• 关键词: school administration; classroom administration; class teacher arragement; periodical reorganization of class; group fixation system; student guidance; special activeties; small group; 学級担任配置慣行; 学級編成慣行; 学級編成替え周期; 習熟度別指導; 学級担任持ち上がり慣行; 担任配置; 学

The following result could be given by this research.(1)It is said that there are two kinds of classroom-teacher arrangement as ideal types, "the grade fixation system" and "group fixation system". As for the elementary school history of modern ages in Japan, it is thought that in the initial stage of the modern school system in Japan the grade fixation system was adopted widely as a basic form of classroom-teacher arrangement. But, after the introduction of the new organization system of class(a pupil group) at the 24th year of Meiji era, "group fixation system" became rapidly popular and in short time that was thought as the ideal type of the classroom teacher arrangement. But it was hard to maitain "group fixation system" by shortage of talented teacher in the days during and, in addition, by the postwar democratization after the war. The education ideology of the system, "the charactor building through adjustment of the human relations in classroom and school" was succeeded to, so … More that it might be pursued in the curriculum area that was afterward called by "special activities."(2)The percentage of schools in which the classroom teacher are rearranged periodicaly in every year(1 year arragement) was a little over 40% from the investigation in. which 831 elementary schools in the whole country filled out the questionnaire. the investigation also showed that in late 5 years the term of rearrangement is rapidly shortened.(3)Through reaearch of the public documents of the term from the early Meiji era to Showa prewar era which are stored in Matsumoto City Musium "kyu-Kaitigakkou", it is proved that there are the tendency that the cycle of rearragemet of classroom teacher turns gradually longer and at last it was not exceptional that same teachers were in charge of same classes through a term from entrance to graduation, that's full "fixation".As the result, we have cleared the process of formation and the collapse of the thought, which is to strengthen relationship between teachers and children, and children in classrooms by classroom teacher fixation system and, later, the new curriculum field, named "special activities". Less

本研究可以得出以下结论：(1)理想的课堂教师安排有“年级固定制”和“小组固定制”两种。就日本近代小学史而言，人们认为，在日本近代学校制度的初期，普遍采用年级固定制作为课堂与教师安排的基本形式。但是，明治24年引入新的班级（学生小组）组织制度后，“小组固定制”迅速流行，并在短时间内被认为是课堂教师安排的理想类型。但由于当时缺乏有才华的教师，再加上战后的民主化，“群体固定制度”很难维持。继承了“通过调整课堂与学校的人际关系来培养品格”这一制度的教育思想，从而在后来被称为“专项活动”的课程领域中得以推行。（2）每年定期（1年安排）班主任进行重新安排的学校比例在40%多一点。全国831所小学填写了《特殊活动》。 调查问卷。调查还表明，近5年来，重新安排的期限迅速缩短。(3)通过对松本市博物馆“旧凯特学校”所藏的从明治初期到昭和战前的该期限的公开文献的研究，发现任课教师的重新安排周期有逐渐变长的趋势，最后，同样的教师在同一位置上的现象并不例外。 从入学到毕业，通过一个学期负责同一个班级，这就是充分的“固定”。由此，我们理清了这种思想的形成和崩溃的过程，即通过课堂教师固定制度来加强教师与孩子、课堂上孩子的关系，以及后来的新课程领域，命名为“特殊活动”。较少的

项目成果

遠藤 忠: "生き生きとした人間性の育つホームルームを"月刊ホームルームHR. 第28巻9号. 6-9 (2003)

远藤正：“充满活力的人性成长的教室”月刊《Homeroom HR》第 28 卷，第 9. 6-9 (2003)

On the historical process of "the class activities" and its today's problems

论“阶级活动”的历史进程及其当今问题

• 发表时间: 2005
• 期刊: The Japan Special Activities Association bulletin 13
• 作者: 遠藤 忠;Tadashi ENDO
• 通讯作者: Tadashi ENDO

Ability-Grouping System can sacceed?

能力分组系统可以成功吗？

• 发表时间: 2004
• 期刊: Kyoka-kenkyu(junior high school)
• 作者: 遠藤 忠;Tadashi ENDO;遠藤 忠;桜井 均;桜井均;Hitoshi SAKURAI
• 通讯作者: Hitoshi SAKURAI

生き生きとした人間性の育つホームルームを

一个充满活力的人性可以成长的教室

• 发表时间: 2003
• 期刊: 月刊ホームルームHR 第28巻9号
• 作者: 遠藤 忠;Tadashi ENDO;遠藤 忠;桜井 均;桜井均;Hitoshi SAKURAI;Hitoshi SAKURAI;遠藤 忠;遠藤 忠
• 通讯作者: 遠藤 忠

個を生かす学習指導(「能力別学級・習熟度別学級」担当)

充分发挥个人能力的学习指导（负责“能力班级/熟练程度班级”）

• 发表时间: 2003
• 作者: 遠藤 忠;Tadashi ENDO;遠藤 忠;桜井 均;桜井均;Hitoshi SAKURAI;Hitoshi SAKURAI;遠藤 忠;遠藤 忠;Tadashi ENDO;Tadashi ENDO;遠藤 忠;Tadashi ENDO;桜井 均
• 通讯作者: 桜井 均