COMPOSES: COMparing Polar Ocean SoundscapES – Investigating the influence of anthropogenic noise and changing sea ice conditions on the noise budgets and marine mammal communities of two polar regions

组成：比较极地海洋声景 â 调查人为噪声和海冰条件变化对两个极地噪声预算和海洋哺乳动物群落的影响

• 批准号: 462615224
• 负责人: Professor Dr. Joseph Hoffman
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Alfred-Wegener-Institut (AWI) Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Infrastructure Priority Programmes
• 资助国家: 德国
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/462615224?language=en
• 关键词: COMPOSES; COMparing; Polar; Ocean; SoundscapES

Anthropogenic global warming related changes in sea ice conditions and sea ice loss in polar oceans are accompanied by underwater noise pollution due to increasing anthropogenic activities in polar seas. Ice-associated marine mammals endemic to polar regions are particularly vulnerable to man-made changes in polar ecosystems and can function as sentinels of ecosystem change. Underwater sound plays a crucial role for marine mammals to communicate, navigate in and perceive their environment. This project will investigate how underwater acoustic habitat characteristics relate to spatio-temporal patterns of marine mammal sentinel species occurrence and community dynamics. Using an unprecedented bi-polar approach and basin-wide scale comparisons, we will compare data from two polar, yet oceanographically similar, oceans with strongly differing underwater noise regimes: the virtually pristine Antarctic Weddell Sea and the anthropogenic noise affected Arctic Fram Strait area. The outcome of this project will constitute reference soundscape data that will contribute towards international efforts to map worldwide patterns of underwater sound. Furthermore, we will investigate how the noise budget is composed over space and time for the Antarctic and Arctic basins. Therefore, we will generate regional noise budgets for both polar basins comprising spatial and temporal variation in the energetic contributions of all significant abiotic, biotic and anthropogenic underwater sound sources. By conducting inter-basin comparisons of the underwater noise budgets of the Weddell Sea and Fram Strait and relating these to sea ice parameters, we will provide the first quantitative insights into how various components of the natural and affected soundscape contribute to the overall acoustic environment. Lastly, this study will employ state-of-the-art acoustic and diversity metrics to gauge marine mammal species diversity and community compositions in relation to local acoustic and sea-ice habitat characteristics. By investigating how species acoustic presence relates to characteristics such as sea-ice concentration, thickness and type both over time and between the Antarctic and the Arctic, this project will contribute new insights on the role of these environmental characteristics for ice-associated marine mammals.

由于极地海洋人为活动的增加，与全球变暖相关的极地海洋海冰状况变化和海冰损失伴随着水下噪声污染。极地特有的与冰有关的海洋哺乳动物特别容易受到极地生态系统人为变化的影响，可以作为生态系统变化的哨兵。水下声音对海洋哺乳动物的交流、导航和感知环境起着至关重要的作用。本项目将研究水声生境特征与海洋哺乳动物前哨物种发生的时空格局和群落动态的关系。使用前所未有的双极方法和全盆地范围的比较，我们将比较两个极地的数据，但海洋学上相似，具有强烈不同的水下噪音制度：几乎原始的南极威德尔海和受人为噪音影响的北极弗拉姆海峡地区。该项目的结果将构成参考声景数据，有助于绘制世界范围内水下声音格局的国际努力。此外，我们将研究南极和北极盆地的噪声收支是如何在空间和时间上组成的。因此，我们将生成两个极地盆地的区域噪声预算，包括所有重要的非生物、生物和人为水下声源的能量贡献的时空变化。通过对威德尔海和弗拉姆海峡的水下噪声预算进行盆地间比较，并将其与海冰参数联系起来，我们将首次定量地了解自然和受影响的声景观的各个组成部分如何对整体声环境做出贡献。最后，本研究将采用最先进的声学和多样性指标来衡量与当地声学和海冰栖息地特征相关的海洋哺乳动物物种多样性和群落组成。通过研究物种的声音存在与海冰浓度、厚度和类型等特征之间的关系，以及南极和北极之间的关系，该项目将为这些环境特征对与冰相关的海洋哺乳动物的作用提供新的见解。