Genomic analysis of dispersal and adaptation in Steinpilz mushrooms

牛肝菌蘑菇传播和适应的基因组分析

• 批准号: 471310836
• 负责人: Professor Dr. Joseph Hoffman
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Department of Zoology
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 资助国家: 德国
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/471310836?language=en
• 关键词: Genomic; analysis; dispersal; adaptation; Steinpilz

Ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMF) are critical components of terrestrial ecosystems that play essential roles in nutrient recycling. There is a pressing need to study their population dynamics and life histories so as to better understand how ecosystems function and persist. In particular, we need to learn how EMF disperse, colonise new habitats, persist, adapt to their hosts and in the longer term speciate.The Steinpilz (Boletus edulis) is arguably the most important commercially harvested wild mushroom. It has a broad geographic distribution and has obligate mycorrhizal associations with several tree species, raising questions about whether local adaptation occurs to whichever host is locally dominant. B. edulis also tends to be locally abundant, allowing the systematic sampling of sporocarps through time.This project will exploit a large collection of B. edulis samples to deliver arguably the most comprehensive population genomic study of any wild fungus. Whole genome resequencing and state of the art population genomic approaches will be used to elucidate key processes on both ecological and evolutionary timescales.First, systematic repeated sampling of multiple woodland patches from Bielefeld (Germany) and Thetford Forest / Barnham (UK) will be used to track individuals over <11 years and to reconstruct patterns of genet turnover and local dispersal. While our sampling focuses mainly on sporocarps, ITS genotyping of root tips will also be used to confirm the presence / absence of B. edulis. Individual sighting histories will be used to test the hypothesis that genet longevity is related to genotype, with selection favouring either specific alleles or more heterozygous genotypes. We will also investigate the possibility that local adaptation to specific host trees results in biased patterns of dispersal and / or longevity.Second, we will investigate whether host specialization may be a route to ecological speciation by collecting sporocarps associated with four host trees (beech, oak, birch and pine) from four localities (Bielefeld, Thetford / Barnham, Spain and Sweden). This will allow us to test whether host-associated genets represent partially reproductively isolated host races, and if so, to identify genomic regions involved in early speciation. Replicated sampling will allow us to confirm causal relationships while excluding local candidate factors such as climate, interactions with other fungi, or abiotic factors. We will also use DNA barcoding to verify host associations and archive the dried sporocarps at the fungarium of the Senckenberg Museum of Natural History, Görlitz.Overall, this project will produce an unprecedentedly detailed picture to date of how EMF populations become established, spread and evolve. Understanding these processes is essential for predicting ecosystem responses to climate change. This project will also generate molecular resources and type specimens for future research on marketable boletes.

外生菌根真菌（EMF）是陆地生态系统的重要组成部分，在养分循环中发挥着重要作用。迫切需要研究它们的种群动态和生活史，以便更好地了解生态系统如何运作和持续存在。特别是，我们需要了解EMF如何分散，殖民新的栖息地，坚持，适应他们的主机，并在长期speciate. Steinpilz（Boletus edulis）可以说是最重要的商业收获的野生蘑菇.它具有广泛的地理分布，并与几个树种有专性的菌根协会，提出了问题，无论是当地的主机是当地占主导地位的地方是否发生适应。B。edulis也往往是当地丰富的，允许系统采样的孢子果随着时间的推移。本项目将利用大量的B。edulis样本，提供可以说是最全面的人口基因组研究的任何野生真菌。 全基因组重测序和最先进的种群基因组方法将被用来阐明生态和进化timescales.First，多个林地补丁从比勒费尔德（德国）和特福德森林/巴纳姆（英国）的系统重复采样的关键过程将被用来跟踪个人在<11年，并重建模式的基因营业额和本地扩散。 虽然我们的采样主要集中在孢子果上，但根尖的ITS基因分型也将用于确认是否存在B。美味。 个体的观察史将用于检验基因寿命与基因型相关的假设，选择有利于特定等位基因或更多杂合基因型。 我们还将调查的可能性，本地适应特定的主机树的结果在偏见的模式的传播和/或longevision.Second，我们将调查是否主机专业化可能是一个路线生态物种通过收集孢子果与四个主机树（山毛榉，橡树，桦树和松树）从四个地方（比勒费尔德，特福德/巴纳姆，西班牙和瑞典）。 这将使我们能够测试宿主相关基因是否代表部分生殖隔离的宿主种族，如果是这样，以确定参与早期物种形成的基因组区域。 重复采样将使我们能够确认因果关系，同时排除当地的候选因素，如气候，与其他真菌的相互作用，或非生物因素。 我们还将使用DNA条形码来验证宿主关联，并将干燥的孢子果存档在Görlitz的Senckenberg自然历史博物馆的真菌馆中。总的来说，该项目将产生迄今为止前所未有的详细图片，说明EMF种群如何建立，传播和进化。了解这些过程对于预测生态系统对气候变化的反应至关重要。该项目还将为未来的市场研究提供分子资源和模式标本。