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An Approach to Universal Design from System Science

从系统科学到通用设计的方法

基本信息

批准号：
15560219
负责人：
KAWAKAMI Hiroshi
金额：
$ 2.18万
依托单位：
Kyoto University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2003
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2003 至 2005
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

To address the situation where recent methodologies of Universal Design (UD) become estranged from "the principles of UD" originated with R.Mace, we examined guidelines for UD by employing notions of systems science. The guidelines regard re-designs by alterations of physical quantities as a last resort. The guidelines aim to focus designers' intentions to qualitative gropes. The axis of our research is our assumption of a sufficient condition on UD : "instead of enforcing an unique optimized operation-sequence, they are open to various interpretations" and "generous constraints afford possible operations" and "interactions between a operation and the following alterations of affordance can be interpreted as a conversation." We broke this axis down into three sub-axes that are interdependent with each other.The first sub-axis was to elucidate the concepts : "generous constraint" and "interaction as conversation." For this purpose, we proposed models of "generous constraint" by modal lo … More gics and by the arbitrariness of information channels in terms of Qualitative Information Theory. We also proposed a framework of a design support system based on "interaction as conversation" defined from the viewpoint of alethic, deontic and temporal modalities, and teleological-causal necessities.The second sub-axis was bridging from qualitative to quantitative design processes. Adopting genetic algorithms, we developed a constraint solver that treats qualitative statements as constraints then decides quantitative parameters.The third sub-axis was actual proofs. The results of first and second axes were applied to several designs. For example, we participated in the project of designing rest rooms in the ward of a rehabilitation center in Osaka pref., that of designing entrance gates of unattended bicycle parking lots with a venture company in Kyoto city, and that of web pages.Furthermore, for comparing with UD, we invited Ms. Jullia Cassim, the leading expert of Inclusive Design, and carried out a workshop. Less

为了解决最新的通用设计 (UD) 方法与 R.Mace 提出的“通用设计原则”相疏远的情况，我们通过采用系统科学的概念来检查通用设计指南。该指南将通过改变物理量进行重新设计作为最后的手段。该指南旨在将设计师的意图集中在定性摸索上。我们研究的轴心是我们对 UD 充分条件的假设：“它们不是强制执行独特的优化操作序列，而是对各种解释持开放态度”和“慷慨的约束提供了可能的操作”以及“操作与以下可供性改变之间的交互可以解释为对话”。我们将这个轴分解为三个相互依赖的子轴。第一个子轴是阐明概念：“慷慨的约束”和“作为对话的交互”。为此，我们根据定性信息论提出了模态逻辑和信息通道任意性的“慷慨约束”模型。我们还提出了一个基于“交互即对话”的设计支持系统框架，该框架是从道德、道义和时间模态以及目的因果必然性的角度定义的。第二个子轴是从定性到定量设计过程的桥梁。采用遗传算法，我们开发了一个约束求解器，将定性陈述视为约束，然后决定定量参数。第三个子轴是实际证明。第一轴和第二轴的结果应用于多种设计。例如，我们参与了大阪府康复中心病区卫生间的设计项目，与京都市一家风险投资公司合作设计无人值守自行车停车场入口大门的项目，以及网页的项目。此外，为了与UD进行比较，我们邀请了包容性设计的首席专家Julia Cassim女士，并进行了研讨会。较少的