Development of a GIS Supporting Community-based Planning for Disaster Mitigation Integrated with a Fire Spread Simulation Model Using Cellular Automata

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This research attempts to develop planning support tool to promote the improvement for disaster mitigation through a community-based planning practice by collaboration of administration and residents. The results are as follows ;1) As a method for understanding of disaster risk and dangerousness with community-scale in the field of the practice, disaster risk evaluation method with town block is developed using GIS. The usefulness of the developed method is confirmed by application to existing build-up area and utilization in the field. And, the issue of the method is pointed out.2) For plainly offering residents the information about the effect of increase in disaster mitigation performance by improvement of the local environment, we tried to develop a fire spread simulation model that can simulate visually and plainly show the detailed fire spreading process with cell unit of 3 by 3m that traditional models cannot represent in the built-up areas using Cellular Automata of the Complex … More Systems. The developed model was applied to a Japanese historical built-up area. Based on the simulation results by the application and the actual fire records of Japanese built-up areas, the calibration and reproducibility of the model was examined and discussed. From the result, we are confident that the use of simulation result makes it useful for examining the effects of improvements in the local environment during the collaborative planning process.3) This research tries to develop GIS-based system which is incorporated a developed fire spread simulation model of 2) to aid community-based planning for disaster mitigation. The system is composed by "Disaster mitigation related Geographic information subsystem", "Fire spread simulation subsystem", "Built-up area improvement subsystem" and "Confirmation of effects of built-up area improvement subsystem". As a case study, the developed system was used on trial in an actual Workshop on community-based planning for disaster mitigation. From the result, we discuss the effectiveness and problems of the system.4) On the other hand, we tried to develop the system that it contributes to residents making consensus and it supports the planning of disaster measures in the Workshop. And, usefulness of the developed system was verified by experimentation. In addition, as a method to check disaster-prevention activity of a community, we tried to quantification of community disaster mitigation capability focusing on community and neighborhood disaster organizations using AHP and ISM to promote continually disaster-prevention activity with initiative of residents. And, the validity of the quantification is discussed. Less