Development of a GIS Supporting Community-based Planning for Disaster Mitigation Integrated with a Fire Spread Simulation Model Using Cellular Automata

开发支持基于社区的减灾规划的 GIS，与使用元胞自动机的火灾蔓延模拟模型相结合

• 批准号: 15560532
• 负责人: OHGAI Akira
• 金额: $ 2.3万
• 依托单位: Toyohashi University of Technology
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 2003
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2003 至 2005
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-15560532/
• 关键词: Community-based Planning for Disaster Mitigation; GIS; Planning Support System; Cellular Automata; Fire Spread Simulation Model; Experiment; Historical Built-up Area; 計画支援ツール; 延焼シミュレーションシステム; 延焼モデル; 災害危険度測定

This research attempts to develop planning support tool to promote the improvement for disaster mitigation through a community-based planning practice by collaboration of administration and residents. The results are as follows ;1) As a method for understanding of disaster risk and dangerousness with community-scale in the field of the practice, disaster risk evaluation method with town block is developed using GIS. The usefulness of the developed method is confirmed by application to existing build-up area and utilization in the field. And, the issue of the method is pointed out.2) For plainly offering residents the information about the effect of increase in disaster mitigation performance by improvement of the local environment, we tried to develop a fire spread simulation model that can simulate visually and plainly show the detailed fire spreading process with cell unit of 3 by 3m that traditional models cannot represent in the built-up areas using Cellular Automata of the Complex … More Systems. The developed model was applied to a Japanese historical built-up area. Based on the simulation results by the application and the actual fire records of Japanese built-up areas, the calibration and reproducibility of the model was examined and discussed. From the result, we are confident that the use of simulation result makes it useful for examining the effects of improvements in the local environment during the collaborative planning process.3) This research tries to develop GIS-based system which is incorporated a developed fire spread simulation model of 2) to aid community-based planning for disaster mitigation. The system is composed by "Disaster mitigation related Geographic information subsystem", "Fire spread simulation subsystem", "Built-up area improvement subsystem" and "Confirmation of effects of built-up area improvement subsystem". As a case study, the developed system was used on trial in an actual Workshop on community-based planning for disaster mitigation. From the result, we discuss the effectiveness and problems of the system.4) On the other hand, we tried to develop the system that it contributes to residents making consensus and it supports the planning of disaster measures in the Workshop. And, usefulness of the developed system was verified by experimentation. In addition, as a method to check disaster-prevention activity of a community, we tried to quantification of community disaster mitigation capability focusing on community and neighborhood disaster organizations using AHP and ISM to promote continually disaster-prevention activity with initiative of residents. And, the validity of the quantification is discussed. Less

本研究试图开发规划支持工具，通过行政部门和居民的合作，通过基于社区的规划实践来促进减灾工作的改善。研究结果如下：1)作为实践领域中以社区尺度认识灾害风险和危险性的方法，利用GIS开发了城镇街区灾害风险评估方法。通过对现有建筑区域的应用和现场使用，证实了所开发方法的有效性。并指出了该方法的问题。2）为了向居民直观地提供有关改善当地环境对减灾性能提高的效果的信息，我们尝试开发一种火灾蔓延模拟模型，该模型可以使用复杂系统的元胞自动机以3×3m的单元格直观地模拟和清晰地显示传统模型无法代表的建筑区域的详细火灾蔓延过程。开发的模型应用于日本历史建筑区。基于应用模拟结果和日本建成区的实际火灾记录，对模型的校准和再现性进行了检验和讨论。从结果来看，我们相信模拟结果的使用有助于检查协作规划过程中当地环境改善的效果。3) 本研究试图开发基于 GIS 的系统，该系统结合了 2) 开发的火灾蔓延模拟模型，以帮助基于社区的减灾规划。该系统由“减灾相关地理信息子系统”、“火灾蔓延模拟子系统”、“建成区改善子系统”和“建成区改善效果确认子系统”组成。作为案例研究，开发的系统在基于社区的减灾规划的实际研讨会上进行了试用。从结果中，我们讨论了该系统的有效性和存在的问题。4）另一方面，我们尝试开发有助于居民达成共识并支持研讨会中灾害对策规划的系统。并且，所开发系统的实用性通过实验得到了验证。此外，作为检验社区防灾活动的方法，我们尝试利用AHP和ISM，以社区和邻里防灾组织为中心，对社区防灾能力进行量化，以促进居民主动性的持续防灾活动。并且，讨论了量化的有效性。较少的

项目成果

Analysis of Neighborhood Disaster Organizations Activities Based on the Spatial and Social Characteristics of Urban Areas

基于城市空间与社会特征的邻里救灾组织活动分析

• 发表时间: 2006
• 期刊: Proc. 5th Int. Sympo. on City Planning and Environment Management in Asian Countries, Tahara, Japan
• 作者: 山下奈緒;大原一興;Kazuoki Ohara et al.;Maiko Sato et al.;佐藤彰治;Shoji SATO;佐藤彰治;佐藤彰治;Shoji SATO;Shoji SATO;佐藤彰治 ほか;佐藤彰治 ほか;Yoshimizu Gohnai
• 通讯作者: Yoshimizu Gohnai

CAによる消防力を考慮した延焼シミュレーションモデル開発の基本的考え方 -防災まちづくり支援ツール開発-

CA开发考虑消防力量的火灾蔓延模拟模型的基本概念 -防灾城镇建设支援工具的开发-

• 发表时间: 2004
• 期刊: 日本建築学会東海支部研究報告集 42
• 作者: 山下奈緒;大原一興;Kazuoki Ohara et al.;Maiko Sato et al.;佐藤彰治;Shoji SATO;佐藤彰治;佐藤彰治;Shoji SATO;Shoji SATO;佐藤彰治 ほか;佐藤彰治 ほか;Yoshimizu Gohnai;Yoshimizu Gohnai;郷内吉端;Leleito Emanuel;河合希;阿部陽介;郷内吉端;北川皓一;堀健雄;Yoshimizu Gohnai;Yoshimizu Gohnai;Leleito Emanuel;Nozomi Kawai;Yousuke Abe;Yoshimizu Gohnai;Koichi Kitagawa;Takeo Hori;Akira Ohgai;郷内吉瑞;Yoshimizu Gohnai;岩崎真志;種田佳洋;郷内吉端;岩崎真志;Yoshimizu Gohnai;Yoshihiro Oida;Yoshimizu Gohnai;Masashi Iwasaki;Yoshimizu Gohnai;種田佳洋;郷内吉瑞;岩崎真志;Akira Ohgai;Kojiro Watanabe;Akira Ohgai;郷内吉端
• 通讯作者: 郷内吉端

Cellular Automata Modeling for Fire Spread with Fire Fighting : As a Tool to aid Community-based Planning for Disaster Mitigation Part 1 : Improvement of Fire Spreading Model and Analysis of Simulation Resuita

火灾蔓延与消防的元胞自动机建模：作为辅助社区减灾规划的工具第 1 部分：火灾蔓延模型的改进和模拟结果分析

• 发表时间: 2004
• 期刊: Summaries of Technical Papers of Annual Meeting Architectural Institute of Japan
• 作者: 山下奈緒;大原一興;Kazuoki Ohara et al.;Maiko Sato et al.;佐藤彰治;Shoji SATO;佐藤彰治;佐藤彰治;Shoji SATO;Shoji SATO;佐藤彰治 ほか;佐藤彰治 ほか;Yoshimizu Gohnai;Yoshimizu Gohnai;郷内吉端;Leleito Emanuel;河合希;阿部陽介;郷内吉端;北川皓一;堀健雄;Yoshimizu Gohnai;Yoshimizu Gohnai;Leleito Emanuel;Nozomi Kawai;Yousuke Abe;Yoshimizu Gohnai;Koichi Kitagawa;Takeo Hori;Akira Ohgai;郷内吉瑞;Yoshimizu Gohnai;岩崎真志;種田佳洋;郷内吉端;岩崎真志;Yoshimizu Gohnai;Yoshihiro Oida;Yoshimizu Gohnai;Masashi Iwasaki;Yoshimizu Gohnai;種田佳洋;郷内吉瑞;岩崎真志;Akira Ohgai;Kojiro Watanabe;Akira Ohgai;郷内吉端;岩崎真志;Akira Ohgai;Kojiro Watanabe;Akira Ohgai;Yoshimizu Gohnai
• 通讯作者: Yoshimizu Gohnai

小坂良太郎: "歴史的市街地における景観と防災を両立させる整備方策のあり方の研究 各自治体の景観整備への取り組み状況と防災への配慮"日本建築学会東海支部研究報告会. 42. 649-652 (2004)

小坂亮太郎：“历史城区景观与防灾平衡的维护措施研究。各地方政府的景观维护举措现状和防灾考虑”日本建筑学会东海分会研究报告42. 649-652（2004年）。

郷内吉瑞: "歴史的市街地における防災まちづくりのためのCAを用いた延焼シミュレーションモデルの開発 その1:延焼現象のモデル化"日本建築学会大会学術講演梗概集. F-1. 505-506 (2003)

Yoshizui Gouchi：“利用 CA 开发历史城区防灾城市发展火灾蔓延模拟模型，第 1 部分：火灾蔓延现象建模”日本建筑学会 F-1 会议学术讲座摘要。 (2003)