A GENEALOGICAL STUDY OF HINDU MANDIR ARCHITECTURE OF THE KATHMANDU VALLEY

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Regarding the traditional architecture in the Kathmandu Valley, its history and unique formation have been focused, and now part of architecture and town has been appointed as one of the world heritages by UNESCO. Mandir (the Multi-roofed tower) is the typical architectural type of the traditional architecture in the Kathmandu Valley. Clarifying the lineage of these Multi-Roofed Towers is a critical issue for the Oriental Architectural History. The method of this study is to make collection of examples by focusing on only Mandir in the Kathmandu Valley and its surroundings. After collecting all of the information, then analysis and sort-out patterns were done. Digitalizing the collected material, photos and video images can become very useful for future restoration. Followings are the results of analysis :Mandir, which is the multi-roof tower of Hindu in Nepal, is built by using the method of enclosing Shrine with brick walls and wood columns and the roofs are doubled. Since these are preceded, and many evidences are existed, there are evidences of adding extra floors on to the original doubled-towers, this type of structure is the basic formation of the doubled-tower in Nepal. However, once a side of the square becomes longer than 4000 mm, another wall or a series of walls is to be applied to the outside of shrine that is a little bit away from the walls. As far as the Architectural formation, a perfect-square figured Multi-roof tower is treated as one lineage.Considering this developing process, it may be difficult to say that the plain formation (which has walkways) of preceded Buddhism Architecture was adapted into this particular formation. A small scaled plain, which is only surrounded by outer walls, has a different upper structure from others, however, the fact that various areas in India share the same figures and concepts should be noted in the matte of lineage