A GENEALOGICAL STUDY OF HINDU MANDIR ARCHITECTURE OF THE KATHMANDU VALLEY

关于加德满都河谷的传统建筑，其历史和独特的形成一直受到关注，现在部分建筑和城镇已被联合国教科文组织指定为世界遗产之一。多顶塔是加德满都谷地传统建筑中的典型建筑类型。厘清这些多层楼的谱系是东方建筑史的一个关键问题。本文的研究方法是通过对加德满都谷地的曼迪尔及其周边地区的研究来收集实例。在收集了所有的信息之后，然后进行分析和整理模式。将收集到的材料、照片和视频图像数字化对未来的修复非常有用。分析结果如下：尼泊尔印度教的多屋顶塔--曼迪尔塔，是用砖墙和木柱围成神殿的方法建造的，屋顶是双层的。由于这些都在之前，并且存在许多证据，有证据表明在原始双塔上增加了额外的楼层，这种类型的结构是尼泊尔双塔的基本形式。然而，一旦正方形的一条边变得超过4000毫米，另一面墙或一系列墙将被应用到神社的外面，离墙有点远。就建筑形式而言，一个完美的方形多屋顶塔被视为一个谱系。考虑到这一发展过程，很难说先前佛教建筑的平原形式（有走道）适应了这种特殊的形式。一个小规模的平原，这是唯一的外墙包围，有一个不同的上部结构，从其他人，但事实上，在印度的各个地区共享相同的数字和概念，应注意的是在matte的血统

Regarding the traditional architecture in the Kathmandu Valley, its history and unique formation have been focused, and now part of architecture and town has been appointed as one of the world heritages by UNESCO. Mandir (the Multi-roofed tower) is the typical architectural type of the traditional architecture in the Kathmandu Valley. Clarifying the lineage of these Multi-Roofed Towers is a critical issue for the Oriental Architectural History. The method of this study is to make collection of examples by focusing on only Mandir in the Kathmandu Valley and its surroundings. After collecting all of the information, then analysis and sort-out patterns were done. Digitalizing the collected material, photos and video images can become very useful for future restoration. Followings are the results of analysis :Mandir, which is the multi-roof tower of Hindu in Nepal, is built by using the method of enclosing Shrine with brick walls and wood columns and the roofs are doubled. Since these are preceded, and many evidences are existed, there are evidences of adding extra floors on to the original doubled-towers, this type of structure is the basic formation of the doubled-tower in Nepal. However, once a side of the square becomes longer than 4000 mm, another wall or a series of walls is to be applied to the outside of shrine that is a little bit away from the walls. As far as the Architectural formation, a perfect-square figured Multi-roof tower is treated as one lineage.Considering this developing process, it may be difficult to say that the plain formation (which has walkways) of preceded Buddhism Architecture was adapted into this particular formation. A small scaled plain, which is only surrounded by outer walls, has a different upper structure from others, however, the fact that various areas in India share the same figures and concepts should be noted in the matte of lineage