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Basic study on electric load following operation of small distributed solid oxide fuel cell system

小型分布式固体氧化物燃料电池系统电负荷跟随运行基础研究

基本信息

批准号：
15560732
负责人：
INUI Yoshitaka
金额：
$ 2.3万
依托单位：
Toyohashi University of Technology
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2003
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2003 至 2005
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-15560732/
关键词：
solid oxide fuel cell small distributed generator load change electric load following operation single cell plate constant temperature operation inverter electric double layer capacitor 交流インピーダンス可変負荷運転熱ストレス

项目摘要

The solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) adopts oxygen ion conducting ceramic materials, such as yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ), as the electrolyte, and its operating temperature is very high as 1200-1300 K, leading to an advantage that very high overall efficiency can be achieved by combining it with some suitable bottoming cycle, such as the gas turbine, that can utilize its exhaust gas. Its research and development, therefore, have been actively promoted for middle to large-scale electric power sources. In addition, it is now also expected as the power source for the small distributed co-generation systems, because its efficiency is expected to reach about 50% by itself without the bottoming cycle by utilizing the internal heat generation for the steam reforming reaction of the fuel. The SOFC, however, has a problem in durability of the ceramics used as its cell materials, because its operating temperature is very high and cell temperature fluctuation induces the thermal stress to the cer … More amics. The cell temperature distribution in it, therefore, should be kept as constant as possible. In the case of the small distributed co-generation systems, however, the variable load operation through the control of the average current density in the cell is necessary, and this operation usually causes the cell temperature fluctuation. Considering this fact, aiming at the establishment of the variable load operation of the SOFC, we investigate the relation between the average current density and the temperature distribution in the co-flow and counter-flow type planar SOFC single cells by numerical simulations. It is made clear from the simulations that the change of the temperature distribution can be suppressed to sufficiently low level and the variable load operation can be realized for both types of cells by properly regulating the air utilization. To compensate the very fast load change and to smoothen the power fluctuation, we propose to install an electric double layer capacitor between the SOFC and the load, and its effect is confirmed through numerical simulations. In addition, an experimental circuit using an electric double layer capacitor is composed, and the experimental results are compared with the simulation results. As a result, although there exists a little difference on the transient response, it is made clear that the experimental circuit operates almost according to the simulation. This indicates the validity of the capacitor control method proposed in this study. Less

固体氧化物燃料电池(SOFC)采用YSZ等氧离子导电陶瓷材料作为电解液，其工作温度高达1200-1300K，与燃气轮机等可利用其废气的合适的筑底循环相结合，可以获得非常高的综合效率。因此，它的研究和开发在大中型电源方面得到了积极的推动。此外，它还有望成为小型分布式热电联产系统的动力源，因为它利用燃料的蒸汽重整反应产生内部热量，在没有筑底循环的情况下，其本身的效率有望达到50%左右。然而，由于固体氧化物燃料电池的工作温度很高，电池温度的波动会对CER-…产生热应力，所以作为电池材料的陶瓷材料的耐久性存在问题。更多的友情。因此，电池内的温度分布应尽可能保持恒定。然而，在小型分布式热电联产系统中，需要通过控制单元内的平均电流密度来进行变负荷操作，这种操作通常会引起单元温度的波动。鉴于此，本文以建立SOFC的变负载运行为目标，通过数值模拟的方法，研究了顺流和逆流平板型SOFC单体电池的平均电流密度与温度分布的关系。模拟结果表明，通过适当调节空气利用率，可以将温度分布的变化抑制到足够低的水平，实现两种类型电池的变负荷运行。为了补偿快速的负载变化和平滑功率波动，我们提出在SOFC和负载之间安装一个双电层电容，并通过数值模拟证实了其效果。此外，还利用双电层电容构成了实验电路，并将实验结果与仿真结果进行了比较。结果表明，虽然在暂态响应上存在一些差异，但实验电路基本上是按照仿真的方式工作的。这表明了本文提出的电容控制方法的有效性。较少