Mathematical ecology on persistence of cross predation in fish communities

鱼类群落中交叉捕食持续性的数学生态学

• 批准号: 15570014
• 负责人: MATSUDA Hiroyuki
• 金额: $ 2.37万
• 依托单位: Yokohama National University (2004)The University of Tokyo (2003)
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 2003
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2003 至 2004
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-15570014/
• 关键词: Antisymmetry; Cross predation; Fish; Mathematical model; Periodic oscillaiton; Ominivory

Two morphological types ("righty" and "lefty") have been discovered in several fish species and are referred to as a typical example of antisymmetry. It has been suggested, first, that this dimorphism (called laterality) is inheritable ; second, that the frequencies of laterality in each species fluctuate around 0.5 ; and third, that predators mainly exploit prey of the opposite laterality ; that is, lefty and righty predators prey on righties and lefties, respectively. The latter is defined as "cross predation" ; the antonym "parallel predation" means predation within the same laterality. We hypothesized that cross predation drives alternation of the survival and reproductive advantages between two morphological types, leading to frequency-dependent selection that maintains the dimorphism. To investigate this, we constructed mathematical models of population dynamics of one prey/one predator systems and three-trophic-level systems with omnivory. Mathematical analysis and computer simulations explained the behavior of the laterality frequency in nature well, insofar as cross predation dominated over parallel predation. Furthermore, the simulations showed that when only one of the morphological types exists in a species, the other type can invade. This suggests that dimorphism is maintained in all interacting species.

两种形态类型（“righty”和“lefty”）已经在几种鱼类中发现，并被称为反对称的典型例子。有人提出，第一，这种二型性（称为偏侧性）是可遗传的;第二，每个物种的偏侧性频率在0.5左右波动;第三，捕食者主要利用相反偏侧性的猎物;也就是说，左撇子和右撇子捕食者分别捕食左撇子和左撇子。后者被定义为“交叉捕食”;反义词“平行捕食”是指在同一侧性内的捕食。我们假设，交叉捕食驱动两种形态类型之间的生存和繁殖优势的交替，导致频率依赖的选择，保持二型性。为了研究这一点，我们建立了一个食饵/一个捕食系统和三个营养级系统的种群动力学的数学模型，杂食性。数学分析和计算机模拟很好地解释了自然界中侧化频率的行为，交叉捕食优于平行捕食。此外，模拟表明，当一个物种中只存在一种形态类型时，另一种类型可以入侵。这表明，在所有相互作用的物种中，二态性都是保持的。

项目成果

Abe J, Kamimura Y, Ito H, Matsuda H, Shimada M: "Local mate competition with lethal male combat : effect of competitive assymetry and information availability on a sex ratio game."J Evol Biology. 16. 607-613 (2003)

Abe J、Kamimura Y、Ito H、Matsuda H、Shimada M：“致命男性战斗的本地配偶竞争：竞争性不对称和信息可用性对性别比例游戏的影响。”J Evol Biology。

Ecology for beginners

初学者生态学

• 发表时间: 2004
• 作者: Nakajima M;Matsuda H;Hori M;Matsuda H
• 通讯作者: Matsuda H

中西準子, 益永茂樹, 松田裕之編: "演習 環境リスクを計算する"岩波書店. 159-168,169-183 (2003)

Junko Nakanishi、Shigeki Masunaga、Hiroyuki Matsuda（编）：“计算环境风险的练习”岩波书店。159-168、169-183 (2003)

Nakajima M, Matsuda H, Hori M: "Persistence and fluctuation of lateral dimorphism of fishes."Am.Nat.. (in press).

Nakajima M、Matsuda H、Hori M：“鱼类侧向二态性的持久性和波动。”Am.Nat..（出版中）。

Matsuda H, Nishimori K: "A size-structured model for stock rehabilitation program of an endemic overexploited bioresouce."Fisheries Research. 60. 223-236 (2003)

Matsuda H、Nishimori K：“地方性过度开发生物资源种群恢复计划的规模结构模型。”渔业研究。