Community-and spatio-ecological approach for adaptive control rules in ecosystem management

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To establish theory and methods of ecosystem management beyond a target species, we develop various models for future projections of ecosystem status. Dr. Shirakihara developed a method of population estimation for endangered species of finless porpoise using spatial distribution census data. Dr. Makino investigated the validity and necessity of ecosystem approach for coastal fisheries management in Shiretoko World Heritage site and characteristics of Japanese fisheries territoriarity. Dr. Amemiya made an advance for resilience theory of eutrophic lake ecosystems in collaboration with international scientists network. Dr. Koike developed a projection method for spatial distribution of exotic species using geographical information systems (GIS). Dr. Matsuda proposed a concept of "maximum sustainable ecosystem services" that expands a classical theory of maximum sustainable yield.We confirmed that adaptive management is not omnipotent for ecosystem management, but we need to elucidate structure and mechanism of the ecosystem and make a "tailor-made" management scheme for each ecosystem. We examined validity of several "new" concepts, "marine protected areas", "corridor", "co-management" and "socio-economic evaluation of ecosystem services".