Development of high precession analysis of animal behavior by sequential images of digital video

我们已经开发了一个C程序glana来研究动物的行为。在通过数字摄像机拍摄电影之后，使用macOS计算机以每秒30帧的速率将电影转换成连续图像。然后，这些图像被分析的glana从图像中获得的数字数据，如重心的纵坐标和图像不变矩的目标动物的四阶矩。利用先进的算法，通过腺体自动去除目标图像周围的背景图像，分析了蚂蚁和小鼠的运动行为。蚂蚁可以通过触角上的化学感受器来区分有巢的蚂蚁和没有巢的蚂蚁。我们研究了蚂蚁的运动行为的盘子上的碳氢化合物从其他蚂蚁，巢或非巢已应用。当一只蚂蚁从一盘来自人类动物的碳氢化合物到来自异源动物的碳氢化合物时，轨道分形维数发生了变化。 关于我们 在研究中，我们注意到动物的运动完全不同于汽车等人造物体的运动，后者以相同的速度运动，甚至只是时间的一小部分。当我们研究动物的运动时，即使在明显的平稳运动中，它们也会重复大量的走走停停，并且相邻帧中的位移并不恒定。然后，我们检查了go和stops的持续时间。动物在“go”状态下移动，相邻帧之间的位移是正的，即使它们不是恒定的。相反，在“停止”状态期间的位移几乎为零。“go”状态的直方图呈泊松型分布，“stop”状态的直方图呈幂律分布（双对数图中的线性关系）。这些发现非常有趣。如果我们能够在对这些行为负责的系统的性质的适当基础上分析这些分布，就有可能获得更多关于行为控制系统的信息。当老鼠接受可卡因时，它的运动发生了变化：运动时间延长，停止时间缩短。运动和停止持续时间的分布与接受生理盐水的动物不同。少

We have developed a C program glana to investigate the animal behavior. After taking a movie by a digital video camera, the movie are converted into sequential images at a rate of 30 frames per second with use of a macintosh computer. Then these images are analyzed by the glana to get numerical data such as ordinates of the center of gravity and image invariant moments up to 4th moments about the target animal from the images. The background images around the target image are automatically subtracted by the glana with advanced algorithms.We have analyzed locomotion behavior of ants and mice. Ants are known to discriminate nestmates by hydrocarbons on their surface from non-nestmates by chemosensilla on antenna. We examined locomotion behavior of ants on a dish on which the hydrocarbons from other ants, nestmates or non-nestmates have been applied. The track fractal dimensions changed when an ant went from a dish of hydrocarbons from homo animals to that from allo animals.Through these … More studies, we noticed that the locomotion of animals was completely different from the movement of artificial things such as cars, which moved at the same velocity even a fraction of time. When we examined the locomotion of animals, they repeated large amount of go-stop even during apparent smooth movements and the displacements during adjacent frames are not constant. Then, we examined durations of go and stops. An animal moves during "go" state, the displacements between adjacent frames are positive even though they were not constant. On the contrary, the displacements during the "stop" state were almost zero. The histogram of the "go" state showed poisson-type distribution and that of the "stop" state power law distribution (linear relationships in log-log plot). These findings are very interesting. If we can analyze these distribution on a proper basis of the nature of a system responsible for these behavior, it may be possible to get more information on the controlling system of the behavior.When a mouse received cocaine, it changed in its locomotion : longer movement time and shorter stop time. The distribution of the movement and stop durations are changed from animals receiving saline. Less