Degradation and detoxification of endocrine disrupters by white rot fungi and ligninolytic enzymes.

最近人们对具有雌激素活性的内分泌干扰物可能对野生动物和人类的生殖产生不利影响的可能性表示了相当大的关注。因此，采用低氮高碳培养基，在木质素分解条件下，用白腐菌处理内分泌干扰物双酚A （BPA）、壬基酚（NP）、17β-雌二醇（E_2）、乙炔雌二醇（EE_2）和染料木素（GE）。BPA、NP、E_2和EE_2含量显著降低，木质素降解酶、锰过氧化物酶（MnP）和漆酶活性显著降低，表明这些化合物的消失与白腐菌胞外产生的木质素降解酶有关。因此，用MnP和乳糖酶处理BPA、NP、E_2和EE_2。HPLC分析表明，MnP或乳糖酶处理1 h后，反应混合物中所有化合物几乎完全消失。利用酵母双杂交实验系统也证实了这些酶处理在MnP或漆酶处理12 h内完全去除BPA、NP、E_2和EE_2的雌激素活性。上述结果表明，木质素降解酶能有效去除BPA、NP、E_2和EE_2的雌激素活性。

Considerable concern has recently been expressed over the possibility that endocrine disruptors having estrogenic activities may adversely affect reproduction in wildlife and humans. Therefore, endocrine disruptors, bisphenol A (BPA), nonylphenol (NP), 17β-estradiol (E_2), ethinylestradiol (EE_2), and genistein (GE), were treated with white rot fungi under ligninolytic condition with low nitrogen and high-carbon culture medium. Marked decreases in BPA, NP, E_2, and EE_2 were obtained by the treatment and the activities of ligninolytic enzymes, manganese peroxidase (MnP) and laccase, were detected during treatment, thus suggesting that the disappearance of these comopunds is related to ligninolytic enzymes produced extracellularly by white rot fungi. Therefore, BPA, NP, E_2, and EE_2 were treated with MnP and lactase.HPLC analysis demonstrated that all compounds disappeared almost completely in the reaction mixture after 1 h of treatment with MnP or lactase. Using the yeast two-hybrid assay system, it was also confirmed that these enzymatic treatments completely removed the estrogenic activities of BPA, NP, E_2, and EE_2 within a 12-h treatment with MnP or laccase. These results strongly suggest that ligninolytic enzymes are effective in removing the estrogenic activities of BPA, NP, E_2, and EE_2.