Agricultural Industrialization and Endogenous Deveropment in East Asia

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In this work, we studied the development of agricultural industrialization in Japan, South Korea, and China, focusing on the aspect of endogenous development. In these three countries, consumers give a higher priority to the safety of food than ever before, while trade liberalization is accelerated.We conducted case studies on four topics concerning agricultural industrialization : necessary conditions, business models, resident participation, and economic benefits.1.Japan : we investigated the following cases : agricultural businesses operated by the elderly and women, attempts to return the benefits of agricultural industrialization to farmers and farming villages, and support activities by agricultural cooperatives and municipalities.2.South Korea : we conducted research on processing plants and tourist farms established by individuals or administrative organizations in orange-producing regions.3.China : we conducted research on companies introducing cultivation techniques that ensu … More re the safety of food.The research revealed differences among countries in the nature of agricultural industrialization resulting from the differences in the development stage of the capital market and the technology market.1.In South Korea and China, there are processing companies run by private enterprises or administrative organizations. In China, these companies organize farmers in order to disseminate the techniques of cultivation using less agricultural chemicals and more organic cultivation. Companies in South Korea purchase raw products from existing producing regions. Processed products are sold mainly to retailers. Home delivery services and the Internet are used to sell products in Japan and South Korea, which have advanced distribution systems and IT.2.In some cases in Japan and South Korea, farmers operate agricultural businesses. They are different in that families and groups of farmers provide labor in Japan, while in South Korea, outside workers are employed. There is no such case found in China due to immature capital and technology markets and insufficient government subsidy.3.Tourist farms exist in Japan and South Korea. Those in Japan are characterized by purposes that are aimed at passing traditional food and the culture of farming villages on to the next generation, and building partnerships between cities and farming villages. Less