Agricultural Industrialization and Endogenous Deveropment in East Asia

本文以日本、韩国和中国的农业产业化发展为研究对象，重点从内生发展的角度进行研究。在这三个国家，消费者比以往任何时候都更加重视食品安全，而贸易自由化正在加速。我们对农业产业化的必要条件、商业模式、居民参与和经济效益四个主题进行了案例研究。日本：我们调查了以下案例：由老年人和妇女经营的农业企业，试图将农业工业化的利益返还给农民和农村，以及支持农业合作社和市政当局的活动。韩国：对橙子产区个人或行政机构设立的加工厂和旅游农场进行了调研。中国：我们对引进种植技术的公司进行了研究，以确保食品安全。研究发现，由于资本市场和技术市场发展阶段的不同，各国农业产业化性质存在差异。在韩国和中国，也有私营企业或行政机构经营的加工公司。在中国，这些公司组织农民，以推广使用较少农药和更多有机耕作的耕作技术。韩国的公司从现有的生产地区购买原材料。加工产品主要卖给零售商。在拥有先进的配送系统和it技术的日本和韩国，销售产品采用送货上门服务和互联网。在日本和韩国的某些情况下，农民经营农业企业。两者的不同之处在于，在日本，农民家庭和群体提供劳动力，而在韩国，则雇佣外部工人。由于资本和技术市场不成熟，政府补贴不足，在中国没有发现这种情况。日本和韩国也有旅游农场。日本的特色是将传统食物和农村文化传承给下一代，并在城市和农村之间建立伙伴关系。少

In this work, we studied the development of agricultural industrialization in Japan, South Korea, and China, focusing on the aspect of endogenous development. In these three countries, consumers give a higher priority to the safety of food than ever before, while trade liberalization is accelerated.We conducted case studies on four topics concerning agricultural industrialization : necessary conditions, business models, resident participation, and economic benefits.1.Japan : we investigated the following cases : agricultural businesses operated by the elderly and women, attempts to return the benefits of agricultural industrialization to farmers and farming villages, and support activities by agricultural cooperatives and municipalities.2.South Korea : we conducted research on processing plants and tourist farms established by individuals or administrative organizations in orange-producing regions.3.China : we conducted research on companies introducing cultivation techniques that ensu … More re the safety of food.The research revealed differences among countries in the nature of agricultural industrialization resulting from the differences in the development stage of the capital market and the technology market.1.In South Korea and China, there are processing companies run by private enterprises or administrative organizations. In China, these companies organize farmers in order to disseminate the techniques of cultivation using less agricultural chemicals and more organic cultivation. Companies in South Korea purchase raw products from existing producing regions. Processed products are sold mainly to retailers. Home delivery services and the Internet are used to sell products in Japan and South Korea, which have advanced distribution systems and IT.2.In some cases in Japan and South Korea, farmers operate agricultural businesses. They are different in that families and groups of farmers provide labor in Japan, while in South Korea, outside workers are employed. There is no such case found in China due to immature capital and technology markets and insufficient government subsidy.3.Tourist farms exist in Japan and South Korea. Those in Japan are characterized by purposes that are aimed at passing traditional food and the culture of farming villages on to the next generation, and building partnerships between cities and farming villages. Less