Establishment of prevention of the viral outbreaks in schools

诺沃克病毒(NV)在学校的大规模爆发一直是一个社会大问题。一年级学生在一所小学的教室里呕吐，846人中有278人调查了感染新城疫的病例。呕吐物是感染源，每1g呕吐物中存在1000多万新城疫病毒(S)。感染扩散的原因是呕吐治疗不当。在N地600多名学生感染新城疫食源性疾病的暴发中，感染源是餐厅的烹调区域被新城疫污染，其次是食品加工人员污染。在学校烹饪区域使用一次性手套，不要直接接触食物，这一点很重要。一有机会就提出预防学校等地发生的新城疫大规模暴发的措施。由于2003年产生的一人肠道病毒71携带了脑炎患者的肠道病毒基因数量，直肠拭子中的病毒数量多于脑脊液中的病毒数量。近年来在学校等地多例腺病毒流行时，检测快速诊断法的检测灵敏度最高，依次为聚合酶链式反应(PCR法)、实时荧光聚合酶链式反应(≒-Real-time PCR法)和免疫沉淀法。虽然免疫层析试验的检测灵敏度较好，但结果也不总是阴性。

Mass outbreaks in the school by norovirus(NV) has been a social big problem. The first grader vomited in the classroom of a elementary school, and 278 out of 846 persons investigated the example infected with NV. The vomit were the source of the infection and more than 10 million NV(s) existed into the 1g vomiting. The cause of the infection spreading was the improper treatment of the vomiting. It was indicated proper disinfecting of vomit were important for mass outbreaks prevention.In the outbreak that a little more than 600 students in N prefecture had foodborne illness by NV, the source of the infection was that the cooking area of the restaurant was contaminated by NV and then the foods contaminated with foodhandlers. Using disposable gloves for not touching directly food in cooking area of school is important. The proposal of the preventive measure of mass outbreak by NV which has occurred in school etc. is being performed whenever there is an opportunity.As a result of carrying out the quantity of the enterovirus gene of the encephalitis patient by the enterovirus 71 of one person generated in 2003,the quantity of rectum swab in virions were more numbers than the cerebrospinal liquid. When many adenovirus were epidemic in school etc. and measured the detection sensitivity of the quick diagnostic method in recent years, it was high in order of the PCR method ≒ real-time PCR method > virus separation > immunno-curomato method.Although the detection sensitivity of the immunnochromatographic test is good, the negative results are not always negative.