Response to synovial fibroblasts by various stresses

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It is proposed that synovial inflammation mediated by induced cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2) have important roles in the onset of temporomandibular joint(TMJ) pain. However, we have little knowledge about the pathophysiology of TMJ pain. In this study, the effect of uni-axial mechanical stretch on the expression of COX-2 was investigated in lapine synovial fibroblast cell line (HIG-82). Western blot analyses indicated that the level of the expression of COX-2 protein in HIG-82 increased in response to mechanical stretch (140%). We also observed nuclear translocation of p65 which is one of the nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB) family members in response to stretching. To investigate whether the induction of COX-2 was under NF-κB control was analyzed by luciferase reporter assay. Compared with the control, mechanical stretch treatment significantly increased the promoter activity of the NF-κB. These results showed that mechanical stress on synovial membrane induced COX-2 via activation of NF-κB. The present study suggested that synovial inflammation due to repetitive motion, such as bruxism might lead to TMJ pain.