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Development and Social Impact of Welfare NPOs under the Public Long Term Care Insurance Law

公共长期护理保险法下福利非营利组织的发展和社会影响

基本信息

批准号：
15601003
负责人：
ADACHI Kiyoshi
金额：
$ 2.24万
依托单位：
KYUSHU UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2003
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2003 至 2004
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-15601003/
关键词：
Public Long Term Care Insurance Welfare Nonprofit Organization Baby Boomer Generation AARP Age Concern Care NPOs Ralph Kramer's theory Care Nonprofits 介護保険制度インパクトアナリシス行政との協働 Age Concern England 特定非営利活動法人(NPO法人)宅老所グループホーム

项目摘要

Nonprofit Organization Law (1998) and Public Long Term Care Insurance Law (1999) have stimulated the rapid growth of Nonprofit Organizations in Japan. This paper discusses why and how this took place. After examining the theory, definition and functional analysis by Ralph Kramer on Voluntary Organizations, I developed a categorization of welfare NPOs' functions. They are (1)vanguard function, (2)improver/advocate, (3)value guardian and, (4)service provision. Then I applied this categorization to the "Care Nonprofits in Japan (defined as NPOs providing care services under the Public Long Term Care Insurance Law)". Care NPOs have typical characteristics and functions of Kramer's theory. Why has this happened in the field of welfare and Public Long term Care Insurance? My view is that most of successful Care NPOs have begun providing voluntary care services for the elderly in community before NPO law and Public Long Term Care Insurance Law. They emerged outside Japanese statutory Social Welfare system, and have had reputation for responding to unmet needs in the community. They developed different organizational characters and salient leadership styles. Therefore, if the institutional and legal infrastructure had established, Care NPOs will assume new roles in the future. I also discuss the problems and challenges the NPOs currently face in Japan. Comparing the rise of research paper regarding NPOs in the US, I overlook and disoiss the research agendas of Welfare Sociology in this field.

1998年的《非营利组织法》和1999年的《公共长期护理保险法》刺激了日本非营利组织的迅速发展。本文讨论了为什么以及如何发生这种情况。在考察了拉尔夫·克雷默关于志愿组织的理论、定义和功能分析之后，我对福利性非营利组织的功能进行了分类。它们是（1）先锋职能，（2）改进者/倡导者，（3）价值监护人和（4）服务提供。然后，我将这一分类应用于“日本的护理非营利组织（定义为根据公共长期护理保险法提供护理服务的NPO）"。关怀型非营利组织具有典型的克雷默理论特征和功能。为什么在福利和公共长期护理保险领域会发生这种情况？笔者认为，成功的护理非营利组织，大多数是在《非营利组织法》和《公共长期护理保险法》出台之前，就开始为社区老年人提供志愿护理服务的。他们出现在日本法定的社会福利制度之外，并以回应社区未满足的需求而闻名。他们形成了不同的组织特征和显著的领导风格。因此，如果建立了体制和法律的基础设施，援外社非营利组织今后将发挥新的作用。同时，也讨论了日本NPO目前面临的问题和挑战。对比美国关于非营利组织研究论文的兴起，笔者忽视和否定了福利社会学在这一领域的研究议程。