Detection and clinical application of Stem Cell Factor in Squamous cell tissue and cancer.

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I : Search and identification of the oncogenic transactivated target genes by Sox-2 as the Stem cell factor in squamous cancer cells : We compared the total RNA with or without Sox-2 expression in 293 cells using Affimetrix micro-array chip to obtain the profile. In the profile, we found two candidate oncogenes transactivated by Sox-2 expression, and two tumor suppressor genes transrepressed by its expression.II : Detecting genes which regulate Sox-2 expression: We cloned an about 500 bp fragment of the promoter region of Sox-2 gene. We sub-cloned the fragment into the pGL3 vector to analyze a promoter. We thus will be able to detect transcription activators or repressors of Sox-2 gene expression by the analysis.III : Clinical application of Sox-2 gene as the Stem cell factor for squamous cell cancer : We studied the possibilities of its usefulness as a tumor marker for squamous cell cancer by quantitative detection of Sox-2 mRNA in perioperative peripheral blood. Sox-2 mRNA which was detectable in the peripheral blood before operation, could no longer be detected at 14 postoperative days in 5 of 8 esophageal cancer patients.IV : Gene amplification of Sox-2 gene: Sox-2 gene locates at 3q26-27, where genome amplification is detected in various cancer tissues. We detected genome amplification in 12 of 60 cases in esophageal cancer by Southern blot technique. The finding suggests that Sox-2 gene is an oncogene for the squamous cell cancer.