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Identification of environmental and genetic factors causing "delayed stem senescence" in soybean.

鉴定导致大豆“延迟茎衰老”的环境和遗传因素。

基本信息

批准号：
14560011
负责人：
SHIRAIWA Tatsuhiko
金额：
$ 2.24万
依托单位：
KYOTO UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2002
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2002 至 2004
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-14560011/
关键词：
cytokinin delayed stem senescence model nitrogen RIL sink soybean temperature ソース老化

项目摘要

The aim of this project is to identify environmental and genetic factors causing the symptom of "delayed stem senescence(DSS)" in soybean, which has recently increased in the soybean production area. The development of pod organs, fixation and partitioning of nitrogen during pod-fill and duration of pod filling stage were examined for the soybean crop/plants grown under various air-temperature and soil-water conditions. A QTL analysis also was conducted for the DSS trait.1.The effect of temperature on development of reproductive organs and the occurrence of DSS : Six soybean cultivars were grown in the Temperature Gradient Chambers(TGC) and four temperature plots (T1-T4) with mean temperatures from 23.1 (T1) to 25.8(T4)℃) were established in the TGC during the period after the flowering stage. The number of perfect kernels per floret, single perfect kernel weight and seed yield were significantly lower in T4 than in T1. However, the effect of temperature on the occurrence of DSS was no … More t evident. On the other hand, the effect of cultivar on the DSS occurrence was evident irrespective to temperature conditions.2.The effect of soil water condition on the nitrogen balance, cytokinin flux and occurrence of DSS : Three experiments with soil water treatments were conducted using cv. Tachinagaha. A moderate water deficit significantly reduced nitrogen fixation during pod-filling resulting in a relative shortage of nitrogen for seed filling and decreased the DSS symptom. Excess water during pod filling or temporal water deficit during 20 days after R5 caused reduced pod number and higher flux of trans-zeatin riboside in the xylem throughout pod filling stage. It was concluded that unfavorable soil water condition, especially its unstableness, would increase occurrence of DSS through lowered sink/source ratio for nitrogen and also increased supply of cytokinin from the root.3.The genetic factors causing DSS : A QTL analysis on the DSS trait was conducted for two years using the recombinant inbred lines (RILs) from a cross between Peking and Tamahomare. One QTL was detected on the linkage-group L in both years and it was located close to Dtl, which is known as the major locus for the indeterminate/determinate trait. There were several QTLs detected but their involvement in DSS were inconsistent between years. Although the genetic factors of DSS seem to have great interactions with environmental conditions, there is a possibility that a major genetic factor exists near Dtl or as a pleiotropic effect of that locus. Less

本项目的目的是确定引起大豆“延迟茎衰老（DSS）”症状的环境和遗传因素，这种症状最近在大豆产区有所增加。研究了不同气温和土壤水分条件下大豆荚果器官的发育、氮素的固定和分配以及荚果充实期的持续时间。1.温度对大豆生殖器官发育和DSS发生的影响：以6个大豆品种为试材，在温度梯度箱（TGC）中设置了4个温度梯度区（T1-T4），平均温度为23.1（T1）~ 25.8（T4）℃）。T4处理每小花完整粒数、单粒完整粒重和种子产量显著低于T1处理。而温度对DSS的发生无明显影响 ...更多信息不明显。2.土壤水分条件对水稻氮素平衡、细胞分裂素通量及DSS发生的影响：以黄瓜品种为材料，进行了3个土壤水分处理试验。立那伽叶中度水分亏缺显著降低了鼓荚期的固氮作用，导致种子鼓粒所需的氮素相对不足，并减轻了DSS症状。在结荚期间过量的水分或R5后20天的短暂水分亏缺导致整个结荚期的角果数减少和木质部中较高的玉米素核苷通量。研究表明，土壤水分条件的不稳定性，降低了氮素库源比，增加了根系细胞分裂素的供应，从而增加了DSS的发生。3. DSS发生的遗传因素：以北京和玉见杂交组合的重组自交系（RIL）为材料，连续两年对DSS性状进行了QTL分析。在这两年的连锁群L上检测到一个QTL，它位于Dtl附近，Dtl被认为是不确定/确定性状的主基因座。检测到多个QTL，但它们对DSS的参与在不同年份之间不一致。虽然DSS的遗传因子似乎与环境条件有很大的相互作用，但有可能主要的遗传因子存在于Dtl附近或作为该位点的多效性效应。少