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"Man-Earth System : A scientific approach to realize human society in harmony with the Earth"-Molecular Breeding of Plants Resistant to Nutrient Stress-Isolation of Plant Genes Responsible for Stress Resistance-

《人地系统：实现人类社会与地球和谐相处的科学途径》-抗营养胁迫植物分子育种-植物抗逆基因分离-

基本信息

批准号：
05278105
负责人：
CHINO Mitsuo
金额：
$ 64.51万
依托单位：
University of Tokyo
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Priority Areas
财政年份：
1993
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1993 至 1997
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

Studies toword molecular breeding of nutrient stress tolerant plants have been carried out in this investigation in order to increase the world food supply without significant inpacts on the environment. The nutrient stresses studied were Cu, Al, and S stresses. The results obtained in 1997 can be summarized as follows : 1) Metallothionein in Arabidopsis thaliana is shown involved in the regulation of cellular differenciation in particular types of cells (Chino), 2) Two kinds of cDNAs were induced from yeast under Al excess and the DNA sequences of these genes has revealed that one of the genes is coding heat shock inducing HSP150 gene and the other is coding membrane protein gene Sed1 Matsumoto), 3) APS sulfotransferase which has been found to be a key enzyme in S assimilation in plants has been purified and the isolation of cDNA of the enzyme protein has been tried by complementation method using yeast mutant lacking in APS kinase and PAPS reductse (Sekiya), 4)Function of cystein synthetase has been clarified and the enhance of the gene expression may have made the transformant plants tolerant to hydrogen sulfide. Functional analysis of genes involved in sulfur assimilation were carried out (SANO).

为了在不对环境造成重大影响的情况下增加世界粮食供应，本研究开展了耐营养胁迫植物分子育种的研究。研究的营养胁迫为Cu、Al和S胁迫。1997年取得的成果可总结如下：1)拟南芥中金属硫蛋白参与特定类型细胞的细胞分化调控（Chino）； 2)铝过量诱导酵母产生两种cdna， DNA序列显示，其中一种基因编码热休克诱导HSP150基因，另一种基因编码膜蛋白基因Sed1 （Matsumoto）。3)利用缺乏APS激酶和PAPS还原酶的酵母突变体（Sekiya），对植物S同化的关键酶APS硫转移酶进行了纯化，并尝试用互补法分离该酶蛋白的cDNA； 4)阐明了半胱氨酸合成酶的功能，该基因表达的增强可能使转化植物对硫化氢具有抗性。对参与硫同化的基因进行功能分析（SANO）。