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Studies on genetic diversities of forest invertebrate communities

森林无脊椎动物群落遗传多样性研究

基本信息

批准号：
14560114
负责人：
KUBOTA Kohei
金额：
$ 2.37万
依托单位：
The University of Tokyo
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2002
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2002 至 2004
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

In the present study, genetic relationships and diversities were analyzed especially focusing the relationships among closely related species.1.Phylogenies and genetic diversities of related species of ground beetles.Beetles belonging to the subgenus Ohomopterus were investigated at and around the distribution borders of two species. In the case of combination of small species group (Carabus kimurai × C.lewisianus), the variation probably based on both ancestral polymorphism and effect of past hybridization depending on the geographical features were recognized by analysis of mitochondrial DNA. On the other hand, in the combination of middle sized species (C.insulicola × C.arrowianus), the variation of mtDNA haplotypes was relatively simple, and one-way introgression of them was recognized.Phylogeny of the genus Plerostichus was roughly revealed by analyses nuclear and mitochondrial DNA. It was clarified that P.thunbergi included plural cryptic species by analyses of detailed genitalia morphology and mtDNA.2.Phylogenies and genetic diversities of related species of herbivorous insects.MtDNA type of the two Anoplophora species that disperse rapidly in Ningxia, China were uniform. It suggests rapid introgressive hybridization occurred or recent gene flow between the two species.In genetic analysis of the four Platycerus species that distributed at the cool temperate deciduous forests, the variations of mtDNA type were recognized within the same species at the same sites. Monophyly was denied at least in two species. It suggests possibility of ancestral polymorphism or introgressive hybridization among the species.The analysis results of the genetic diversity of forest invertebrates (insects) represented remarkable differences depending on their ecology especially dispersal ability and the coexistence of related species.

本研究重点分析了近缘种间的亲缘关系和遗传多样性。1.地甲近缘种的系统发育和遗传多样性。在小种群(Carabus kimurai×C.lewisianus)组合的情况下，通过对线粒体DNA的分析，确认了这种变异可能是基于祖先的多态和过去杂交对地理特征的影响。另一方面，在中型种的组合中，线粒体DNA单倍型变异较简单，且存在单向渐渗现象，核型和线粒体DNA分析初步揭示了该属的系统发育。通过详细的生殖器形态和线粒体DNA分析，明确了松材线虫含有多个隐种。2.草食性昆虫近缘种的系统发育和遗传多样性。在宁夏迅速扩散的两种食草性天牛的mtDNA型是一致的。在对分布于寒温带落叶林的4种桔属植物进行遗传分析时，发现同一物种在同一地点的mtDNA类型存在变异。单胞菌至少在两个物种中被拒绝。森林无脊椎动物(昆虫)的遗传多样性分析结果表现出明显的差异，这取决于它们的生态环境，特别是扩散能力和近缘物种的共存。