THE INTERNATIONAL STUDY ON THE INDUSTRIAL ORGANIZATION OF FARM CONTRACTER

研究发现：1.日本农业承包者的产业结构是股份公司、有限责任公司、农业合作协会组织、农业公司制、农家乐集团等多种形式的企业。2.虽然大型机械、大包干的农业承包者表现出规模经济，但作为集体耕作的小规模承包者不能实现规模经济。另一方面，承包者有实现企业多元化的倾向，为了每年都能获得工作，他进入了旱地，喷洒堆肥，等3.虽然承包商与农户之间的合同是通过直接口头谈判的相关性履行的情况很多，但通过“代理和调整组织”介入，可以对工程、机器和劳动力进行调整，降低交易成本。4.在德国北部，承包商也加入了一个机器环。他们不仅开始进入旱地和饲料区，而且开始进行村庄环境维护，如除雪、园区清理、堆肥收集工作和污泥处理。5.受水稻新政改革和新的自给自足饲料增产政策的影响，承包机构增加了与饲料水稻的供应。饲料水稻不仅在常规畜牧区发展，而且在东北和康德地区的水田地区发展。很明显，在稻米作物中有来自信托组织的进入。6.承包商[企业]已经进入TMR供应作为最后的饲料产品，特别是在北海道。从建立自给自足饲料结构的观点来看，这正在接近最终承包商的模式

Many points which became clear by this research are summarized as follow.1.The Japanese farm contractor has the industrial structure with various forms of enterprise like incorporated company, a limited company, an agricultural cooperative association organization, an agricultural public corporation, and a farmhouse group.2.Although the farm contractor with large-sized machine and big work contract demonstrates the economy of scale, Small scale contractor as group farming cannot perform economy of scale.On the other hand, a contractor has the tendency to attain enterprise diversification, in order to acquire work through every year, and he has entered into a upland section, compost spraying, etc.3.Although there are so many cases where the contract between contractors and farmers is performed by direct oral negotiation relativity, by "agency and adjustment organization" intervening among both, adjustment of the works, the machines, and the labor forces can be performed, and the transaction cost is cut down.4.At the German northern part, the contractor has also joined into a machine ring. They have begun entry to the field not only upland section and feed section but village environmental maintenance, such as snow removal, park cleaning, collection work of compost, and sludge processing.5.The influence of the new rice policy reform and the new of a self sufficiency feed production increase policy brought increase of the contractor organization in connection with supply of a feed rice.Feed rice were developed not only in the conventional livestock raising zone but in paddy field zone at northeast and Kant area. It became clear that there is entry from the trust organization in a rice crop.6.The contractor [business] has entered TMR supply as the last feed product especially in Hokkaido.It is estimated that this is approaching an ultimate contractor's model from the viewpoint of establishment of a self-sufficient feed structure