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State Trading Enterprises on Grain Export and WTO Agricultural Negotiation

国营贸易企业粮食出口与入世农业谈判

基本信息

批准号：
14560192
负责人：
MATSUBARA Toyohiko
金额：
$ 0.7万
依托单位：
Ritsumeikan University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2002
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2002 至 2003
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-14560192/
关键词：
state trading enterprise grain export international grain market Canada Australia WTO Negotiation AWB 穀物の集荷・保管民営化カナダ小麦局

项目摘要

Canada and Australia are the important grain exporting countries in the world. Both countries amount for oneThid of wheat expoit in the world. It is the distindive feature that state trading enteiprises have single desk authority on the export of major grain, wheat and barley, in these countries. In the WTO Agricultural Negotiation, the issue on the state trading enterprises became controversy, since United States and other countries take this issue on the negotiation.The pulpose of this project is to compare the grain exporting system in Canada and Australia, and examine the recent reform of the state trading enteiprises on grain expoit in both countries. Canadian Wheat Board(CWB) has changed its governance and marketing practice in 1999 CWB became the shared governance corporation by grain pmducer and federal government. Accountabdity and flexibility is the principle of its refonn Australian Wheat Board(AWB) was privatized in 1999. AWB was restructured to several companies under the holding company, AWB limited. AWB also extended its business into grain elevator. Though these reform in the late 1990s, CWB and AWB have maintained single desk authority on grain export and national pooling system.

加拿大和澳大利亚是世界上重要的粮食出口国。这两个国家的小麦产量都占世界的三分之一。这些国家的显著特点是，国营贸易企业对主要谷物、小麦和大麦的出口拥有单一的主管部门。在WTO农业谈判中，由于美国等国将国营贸易企业的问题作为谈判的议题，这一问题成为了一个争议性的问题，本课题旨在比较加拿大和澳大利亚的粮食出口体制，并考察两国近年来对国营贸易企业的粮食出口体制的改革。1999年，加拿大小麦委员会（CWB）改变了其管理和营销方式，成为粮食生产者和联邦政府共同管理的公司。澳大利亚小麦局于1999年实行了私有化改革，其改革的原则是“责任性和灵活性”. AWB重组为控股公司AWB有限公司旗下的几家公司。AWB还将其业务扩展到谷物升降机。经过90年代后期的这些改革，中央粮食局和农业粮食局一直保持着单一的粮食出口管理权和国家统筹体制。