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Changing Grain Exporting System in Canada and Reform of the Canadian Wheat

加拿大粮食出口体系的变革与加拿大小麦的改革

基本信息

批准号：
11660231
负责人：
MATSUBARA Toyohiko
金额：
$ 0.77万
依托单位：
Ritsumeikan University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1999
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1999 至 2000
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

The purpose of this study is to examine the recent drastic change of grain exporting system in Canada and the reform of the Canadian Wheat Board (CWB), the sole marketing body of wheat and barley produced in the Prairie Provinces. Author focused on the background of the reform of CWB and its possible impacts to the grain exporting system in Canada. In addition, author examined issues of grain transportation, particularly current debates on grain transportation policy. Major results of this study are as follows ;First of all, exporting market of Canadian grain has changed substantially since 1980s. Under the changing exporting market, logistics of Canadian grain to the exporting position has drastically changed. The most important change was the big decrease of shipping volume from Thunder Bay at the Lake Superior to Russia and European Countries. On the contrary, share of shipping rain from Pacific Ports has increased.Second, there is remarkable trend to the consolidation of primary el … More evators. Major elevator companies have invested to build new high throughput elevators beside mainline of railway. Many old primary elevators have been closed in the areas where high throughput elevators have been built. Another important point is that transnational agribusiness corporations like as Cargill and ADM have entered grain handling and processing business in Canada since the Canada-U.S.Free Trade Agreement. Author pointed out this trend as transnational integration of grain industry in North America.Third, CWB has reformed its organization since January 1999 after the heated controversy on single desk selling of CWB.Main point of organizational reform of CWB was the change from crown corporation to shared governance corporation between grain producers and federal government. The reform was characterized by the accountability to grain producers and the increased flexibility of operation. But the operation of CWB has not actually changed at the end of 2000. Author pointed out to continue the research for observing the result of operational reform of CWB. Less

本研究的目的是研究加拿大粮食出口体系最近的巨大变化以及加拿大小麦委员会（CWB）的改革，该委员会是草原省生产的小麦和大麦的唯一销售机构。作者重点介绍了CWB改革的背景及其对加拿大粮食出口体系可能产生的影响。此外，作者还探讨了粮食运输问题，特别是当前关于粮食运输政策的争论。本研究的主要结果如下：首先，自20世纪80年代以来，加拿大谷物出口市场发生了显着变化。在出口市场不断变化的情况下，加拿大粮食的物流出口地位发生了巨大变化。最重要的变化是苏必利尔湖桑德贝至俄罗斯和欧洲国家的航运量大幅下降。相反，太平洋港口的航运雨量份额有所增加。二是一次电梯整合趋势明显。主要电梯公司已投资在铁路主线旁建造新的高吞吐量电梯。在建造高吞吐量电梯的地区，许多旧的主电梯已被关闭。另一个重要的一点是，自加美自由贸易协定签署以来，嘉吉、ADM等跨国农业企业已进入加拿大的粮食装卸和加工业务。作者指出这一趋势是北美粮食产业的跨国整合。第三，自1999年1月CWB单台销售引发激烈争议后，CWB进行了组织改革。CWB组织改革的要点是从国有公司转变为粮食生产者与联邦政府的共享治理公司。此次改革的特点是对粮食生产者负责，提高经营灵活性。但到2000年底，CWB的运行方式实际上并没有发生变化。作者指出，要继续研究观察CWB运行改革的效果。较少的