North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and Agri-Food Industry in Canada : Focusing Fruits and Wine Industry

本研究旨在探讨北美自由贸易协定下加拿大农产品产业的结构变化，特别是水果和葡萄酒产业。水果和葡萄酒行业是加拿大农业食品行业中比较优势较小的部门。本研究探讨加美自由贸易协定（CUSTA）与北美自由贸易协定（NAFTA）对我国水果与葡萄酒产业的影响，并探讨FTA下我国水果与葡萄酒产业因应市场变化的政策与方案。首先，自20世纪80年代后期以来，苹果和梨等果树的面积持续减少。然而，值得注意的是，浆果和葡萄的面积有所增加。蓝莓的面积和产量显著增加。其次，葡萄酒进口因国内需求扩大而增加。因此，葡萄酒的自给率在1990年代一直下降。葡萄酒生产在20世纪90年代初萎缩，但在90年代末恢复。产量增加的原因如下：（1）品种更换为Vinifera，（2）引入葡萄酒质量保证（VQA），（3）开发冰酒等特色产品，（4）与旅游业合作营销。特别是VQA对优质葡萄酒的市场推广起到了重要作用。

The purpose of this study is to examine the structural change of agri-food industry in Canada under NAFTA, especially focusing on fruits and wine industry. Fruits and wine industry is the less comparative advantage sector in Canada's agri-food industry. This study explores the impacts of CUSTA(Canada-US Free Trade Agreement) and NAFTA on fruits and wine industry, and discuss policies and programs to changing market under FTA.The results of the study are as follows. First, area of fruit trees like apple and pear has continueosly decreased since late 1980s. However, it is noteworthy that area of berries and grapes has increased. Area and production of blueberry has increased remarkably. Then Canada became one of the largest exporting countries of blueberry.Secondly, wine import has increased due to expansion of domestic demand. As a result, self-sufficiency rate of wine has declined through 1990s. Wine production has shrunk in early 1990s, but revived in late 1990s. The reasons of increasing production are as follows ;(1) replacement of variety to Vinifera, (2) introduction of Vintners Quality Assurance (VQA), (3) development of specialty products like Ice Wine, (4) cooperative marketing with tourism. Especially, VQA has played important role for marketing promotion of high quality wine.