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Fundamental Studies on Multiple Usage of Fiber Crop, Kenaf

纤维作物红麻的综合利用基础研究

基本信息

批准号：
14560282
负责人：
SAMESHIMA Kazuhiko
金额：
$ 2.18万
依托单位：
Kochi University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2002
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2002 至 2005
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

The cultivation of fiber crop, Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.), is said to have begun in Egypt, about 4000 BC. The traditional usages were restricted to its bast fiber and used for rope, sack and other fiber products. Now the biomass of Kenaf is recognized as a potential resource for human life and many aspects of usage is being investigated in the world. Even in Japan, companies like automobile, housing and IT industries developed kenaf bast fiber products as a new natural fiber usage.In this research, fundamental aspects of Kenaf cultivation and multiple usage were investigated to utilize the Kenaf biomass as a possible agro-forestry-industry system in rural region. In the pulp and paper field, to make a value added products a high viscosity pulping sequence including the ammonium oxalate treatment has been characterized. In more detailed study, layer separation of bast fiber was done and the contribution of each layer to the paper strength was discussed. Outermost layer had longest f … More iber length but the viscosity was lowest and the paper strength increased as the layer number increased. Also the influence of the stem height position and the harvesting time were investigated. Lower the stem height and later the harvesting time, the pulp viscosity increased.As biomass, Kenaf seed and leaf are also important to develop a sustainable cultivation system. Kenaf seed contains a lot of protein and fatty acids almost equivalent contents to soybean. We examined to make tofu (bean curd) from Kenaf seed to utilize them. Comparison experiment showed Kenaf seed is difficult to make tofu if the same method for soybean tofu making but it gave Kenaf tofu if starch were added as sesame tofu making method. The difference should be examined further. Kenaf leaf contains high proteins and known to be promising as forage (animal feed) in other countries. In Japan, addition to food like wheat flour noodle (udon) and cookie are reported. We examined to use the leaf as additive to kamaboko (traditional white fish meat paste). Because Kenaf leaf contains strong acidic substance (mainly hibiscus acid) the fish meat was difficult to solidify.As a diversification of cultivation method, a trial in a land in long-term timber production forest was done, but Kenaf did not grow enough. Main reason is not clear but the Kenaf growth showed a strong relationship to the luminous intensity. In the farmland, Kenaf stem as animal bedding is promising because the animal excrement increased the Kenaf yield higher. Less

以红麻（Hibiscus cannabinus L.）据说起源于公元前4000年左右的埃及。传统的用途仅限于麻类纤维，用于绳索、麻袋等纤维制品。目前，红麻生物质被认为是一种潜在的人类生活资源，世界各国正在对红麻生物质的多方面利用进行研究。即使在日本，如汽车，住宅和IT行业的公司开发红麻韧皮纤维产品作为一种新的天然纤维用途。在本研究中，红麻栽培和多种用途的基本方面进行了调查，利用红麻生物质作为一个可能的农林业工业系统在农村地区。在纸浆和造纸领域，为了制造附加值产品，包括草酸铵处理的高粘度制浆工序已经被表征。在更详细的研究中，对麻类纤维进行了分层，并讨论了各层对纸张强度的贡献。最外层的纤维最长， ...更多信息纤维长度随层数的增加而增加，粘度随层数的增加而降低，纸张强度随层数的增加而增加。同时还研究了茎高、部位和采收期对采收率的影响。红麻种、叶与生物量一样，也是可持续栽培的重要组成部分。红麻籽中含有大量的蛋白质和脂肪酸，其含量与大豆相当。我们研究利用红麻种子制作豆腐（豆腐）。对比试验表明，红麻籽在制作豆腐时，与大豆豆腐相同的方法很难制作豆腐，而在芝麻豆腐中添加淀粉则可以制作出红麻豆腐。应进一步审查这一差别。红麻叶含有高蛋白质，在其他国家被认为是有前途的饲料（动物饲料）。在日本，除了小麦粉面条（乌冬面）和饼干等食物外，据报道。我们研究了将叶子用作kamaboko（传统的白色鱼肉酱）的添加剂。由于红麻叶中含有强酸性物质（主要是木槿酸），鱼肉不易凝固，作为一种多样化的栽培方法，在长期用材林的一块土地上进行了试验，但红麻生长不足。主要原因尚不清楚，但红麻的生长表现出较强的相关性发光强度。在农田中，红麻秆作为动物垫料，由于动物粪便的存在，红麻产量较高，因此红麻秆作为动物垫料是很有前途的。少