Fundamental Studies on Multiple Usage of Fiber Crop, Kenaf

据说，大约在公元前4000年，埃及就开始种植纤维作物红麻。传统用途仅限于其韧皮纤维，用于绳索、麻袋和其他纤维产品。目前，红麻的生物量被认为是一种潜在的人类生活资源，世界各国正在对红麻的许多方面进行研究。甚至在日本，汽车、住宅和IT行业等公司也在开发红麻麻皮纤维产品作为一种新的天然纤维用途。本研究从红麻种植和综合利用的基本方面进行了调查，以期将红麻生物量作为一种可能的农林产业体系在农村地区进行开发。在制浆造纸领域，为了使产品具有附加值，对包括草酸铵处理在内的高粘度制浆序列进行了表征。在更详细的研究中，对麻纤维进行了分层，并讨论了各层对纸张强度的贡献。最外层具有最长的f…随着层数的增加，Iber长度增加，但粘度最低，纸张强度增加。此外，还研究了茎高、位置、采收时间等因素对产量的影响。较低的茎高和较晚的收获时间，纸浆粘度增加。作为生物量，红麻种子和叶片也是发展可持续栽培体系的重要因素。红麻籽中含有大量的蛋白质和脂肪酸，含量几乎与大豆相当。为了利用红麻籽制作豆腐，对红麻籽豆腐进行了研究。对比实验表明，红麻籽用同样的方法制作大豆豆腐很难制成豆腐，但如果添加淀粉作为芝麻豆腐的制作方法，则可以得到红麻豆腐。这种差异应该得到进一步的检验。红麻叶含有高蛋白，在其他国家作为饲料(动物饲料)很有前途。在日本，除了面粉(乌冬面)和饼干等食物外，还有报道称。我们研究了用树叶作为Kamaboko(传统的白色鱼肉酱)的添加剂。由于红麻叶含有较强的酸性物质(主要是木槿酸)，鱼肉不易固化，作为一种多样化的栽培方法，在长期用材林的土地上进行了试验，但红麻生长不够充分。主要原因尚不清楚，但红麻生长与光照强度有很强的相关性。在农田中，红麻秸秆作为动物垫料是很有前途的，因为动物粪便增加了红麻产量。较少

The cultivation of fiber crop, Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.), is said to have begun in Egypt, about 4000 BC. The traditional usages were restricted to its bast fiber and used for rope, sack and other fiber products. Now the biomass of Kenaf is recognized as a potential resource for human life and many aspects of usage is being investigated in the world. Even in Japan, companies like automobile, housing and IT industries developed kenaf bast fiber products as a new natural fiber usage.In this research, fundamental aspects of Kenaf cultivation and multiple usage were investigated to utilize the Kenaf biomass as a possible agro-forestry-industry system in rural region. In the pulp and paper field, to make a value added products a high viscosity pulping sequence including the ammonium oxalate treatment has been characterized. In more detailed study, layer separation of bast fiber was done and the contribution of each layer to the paper strength was discussed. Outermost layer had longest f … More iber length but the viscosity was lowest and the paper strength increased as the layer number increased. Also the influence of the stem height position and the harvesting time were investigated. Lower the stem height and later the harvesting time, the pulp viscosity increased.As biomass, Kenaf seed and leaf are also important to develop a sustainable cultivation system. Kenaf seed contains a lot of protein and fatty acids almost equivalent contents to soybean. We examined to make tofu (bean curd) from Kenaf seed to utilize them. Comparison experiment showed Kenaf seed is difficult to make tofu if the same method for soybean tofu making but it gave Kenaf tofu if starch were added as sesame tofu making method. The difference should be examined further. Kenaf leaf contains high proteins and known to be promising as forage (animal feed) in other countries. In Japan, addition to food like wheat flour noodle (udon) and cookie are reported. We examined to use the leaf as additive to kamaboko (traditional white fish meat paste). Because Kenaf leaf contains strong acidic substance (mainly hibiscus acid) the fish meat was difficult to solidify.As a diversification of cultivation method, a trial in a land in long-term timber production forest was done, but Kenaf did not grow enough. Main reason is not clear but the Kenaf growth showed a strong relationship to the luminous intensity. In the farmland, Kenaf stem as animal bedding is promising because the animal excrement increased the Kenaf yield higher. Less