Antifungal susceptibility of new genotype of Candida albicans strains with group 1 intron

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The genetic diversity of recent clinical isolates of Candida albicans in Japan and Thailand was studied on the basis of amplified DNA band lengths determined with a specific PCR Primer. Our analyses of 401 clinical isolates of C.albicans showed that they could be classified into five genotypes A, B, C, D (C.dubliniensis) and a new genotype E. Most of the strains from Japan as well as Thailand were genotype A, and C was a minor group. The genotype E was characterized to have a group 1 intron-like sequence, which is longer that hitherto reported ones ad which has a nucleotide sequence length of 962-bp. Our analysis of the 962-bp sequence indicated that it is composed of an intron similar to that of C.dubliniensis of 621-bp with a 341-bp insertion. Analysis of the sequence of ITS region of the E showed that the sequence is identical with those of C.albicans. Throught the study, the possible horizontal transfer of the group 1 intron between C.dubliniensis and C.albicans E was suggested. A high degree of correlation between the presence of group l intron in genotype E and the susceptibility to flucytosine was observed. Five and two strains of C.dubliniensis from Japan and Thailand, respectively. They were not isolates from AIDS patients, and not resistant to azole-type antifungals such as fluconazole. Most of the resistant strains were found to belong to genotype A, B, o r, C, in Japan and Thailand. Detailed mechanisms of resistant of C.albicans (not C.dubliniensis) to azole and flucytosine ant ifungals were analyzed using micro-array method using home made array system in our laboratory.