The study of systematic method in identifying various populatins from the forensic specimens using polymorphic DNA markers.

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The systematic procedure for identifying the forensic specimens, whether they are originated from Japanese population or other ethnic populations, is helpful for resolving a criminal investigation happened in Japan. First, we studied the usefulness of HLA DNA polymorphisms to differentiate Japanese population from the numerous populations in the word. We listed characteristic and rare or absent HLA genes and haplotypes in Japanese population from the 11^<th> International HLA data, and made available tables to compare Japanese and other ethnic groups. Second, we validated the HLA-SPP(sequence specific primer and probe) typing method for forensic specimens, especially from extremely small amount of DNA extracted such as a single hair, a piece of nail, aged blood stains, fromalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissues. This PCR-SPP method has made it possible to type HLA alleles even a very small amount of DNA. Third, we demonstrated a power of discrimination on microsatellite markers located in the HLA region from the results that allele types of microsatellite were different at several loci between the same HTCs (homozygous typing cell), and also different among persons with the same frequent haplotype (A : 2402-C^* 1202-B^*5201-DRB1^*1502-DQB1^*0601) in Japanese population. Theses results supported HLA DNA polymorphisms as a useful tool to identify the forensic specimens originated from Japanese or not.