Continuous analysis of urine contents in intensive care unit

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Compared with the attention to the concentration of electrolytes in blood, that of them in urine was minimized because of large variety in normal range. Urinary output and concentrations of electrolytes or other substances are strongly affected by the circulatory conditions or hormonal conditions. We devised an automatic and continuous measuring system of urinary output and concentration of each solute (Sodium, Potassium, Urea, Creatinine) and investigated of them in intensive care unit. The results of the investigation was quite interesting one. First of all, the relationship of the urinary volume and osmolarity of it was in inverse proportion. As the concentration of urea or creatinine increases, the osmolarity of urine was increased. However the relationship of sodium and potassium concentrations versus osmolarity was different and complicated. In the isosmotic urinary situation, the sodium and potassium concentrations depicted precisely 110 mEq/L and 10 mEq/L respectively. Then as the osmolarity in urine increases the concentration of sodium was decreased the minimized to 60 mEq/L at 560 mosmol, then the concentration of it was increased proportionally. The potassium concentration in urine was increased proportionally until to the 560 mosmol in urine osmolarity and measured almost 100 mEq/L of the concentration, after then the value was decreased. Those results seems to be quite natural phenomenon. We obtain 2 ml/kg/hour of fluid and 1 ml/kg/hour of urination in normal situation. Hence, two times of isosmotic condition of urinary output might be best suitable situation for sodium reabsorption and potassium secretion. These results also explains why hypokalemia will occur in natriuretic condition.