Study on the Alkaloid Production of Two Gelsemium Plants by Using their Callus Cultures and Chemical and Pharmacological Investigation of Gelsemium Alkaloids.

钩吻和钩吻是马钱科植物钩吻属有毒植物，含有丰富的吲哚生物碱，分别从钩吻和钩吻的叶片中获得愈伤组织。通过对紫花草愈伤组织化学成分的研究，确定其不产生生物碱成分，并对紫花草、紫花草、马钱子和肉豆的DNA进行了系统发育比较。通过对钩吻植物化学成分的详尽研究，从钩吻叶中分离得到14个生物碱，其中包括4个新化合物(14，15-二羟基钩吻碱，Ge-2，Ge-3，Ge-4)。14，15-二羟基钩吻碱是第一个具有邻位二醇的钩吻生物碱。已知生物碱的狭窄结构被修正为含有氮杂环丁烷单元的新氧吲哚。这是单萜类吲哚生物碱分子中含有氮杂环丁单元的第一个例子。从紫草茎中分离得到14个化合物，其中包括3个新的氧化吲哚生物碱(GS-1、GS-2、GS-3)和1个新的环烯醚萜(GSIR-1)。研究了钩吻生物碱对大鼠肝细胞(H4-II-E-C3细胞)的致死作用。结果表明，库明和人藤碱的抗癌效果明显优于顺铂。

Gelsemium elegant and G.sempervirens belonging to Loganiaceae are known to be toxic and rich sources of indole alkaloids.Callus cultures of Gelsemium plants were successfully obtained from the leaf segments of G.elegans and G.sempervirens, respectively. By the chemical investigation of G.sempervirens callus, it became clear that the callus did not produce alkaloidal constituents.Phylogenetic comparison of DNA among G.elegans, G.sempervirens, Strychnos nux-vomica and Gardneria nutans were investigated. The analysis revealed that the two.Gelsemium plants formed a cluster but they were not closely related.By exhaustive investigation of the, constituents in Gelsemium plants, fourteen alkaloids including four new compounds (14,15-dihydroxygelsenicine, GE-2, GE-3, GE-4) were isolated from the leaves of G.elegans. 14,15-Dihydroxygelsenicine is the first Gelsemium oxindole alkaloid having a vicinal diol. The stricture of the known alkaloid, gelsemoxonine, was revised to be a novel oxindole possessing an azetidine unit. This is the first example of the monoterpenoid indole alkaloid having an azetidine unit in the molecule. From the stems of G.sempervirens, fourteen compounds including three new oxindole alkaloids (GS-1, GS-2, GS-3) and one new iridoid (GSIR-1) were isolated. Among them, six compounds were also isolated from the leaves.Lethal effect of the representative Gelsemium alkaloids on rat hepatocytes (H4-II-E-C3 cell) was evaluated. It was found that koumine and humantenine were quite effective than antitumor reagent, cisplatin.