Development of Nursing Care Model with Play Program for Preschool Children Receiving Treatment and Procedure in Hospital

目前的研究项目侧重于儿童游戏的治疗功能。该项目的目的是开发一种护理干预模式，利用游戏为因治疗或程序而经历相当大压力的住院儿童提供帮助。本研究项目包括对住院儿童游戏相关文献的回顾，对拥有儿科病房和400多张床位的医院进行跨国调查，并对5名住院学龄前儿童实施游戏计划。结果得出以下结论：调查结果显示，73.9%的医院对手术室进行了装饰以吸引儿童的注意力，64.5%的医院在手术过程中准备了玩具以分散儿童的注意力。此外。超过一半的护理人员经常让孩子们在手术过程中拿着他们最喜欢的玩具，并创造一些有吸引力的东西，把孩子的注意力吸引到护士或护士的衣服上。然而，护理人员很少使用治疗……更多的是通过玩耍来促进儿童对治疗和/或程序的理解。或者减少他们的焦虑和恐惧。大多数护士认为“准备”一词的含义是“使用娃娃或图画书向儿童清楚地解释治疗和/或程序”。或者“得到孩子的同意”。因此，“准备”主要被认为是向孩子示范的一种手段。参与观察期间，进行身体检查。测量血压和体温。注射和栓剂是住院学龄前儿童模仿游戏的常见主题。此外，遵循不愉快的程序。用填充玩具或玩粘土时，同样的过程也经常出现。这些观察结果表明，孩子们通过这样的游戏来释放他们的负面情绪。5名儿童均接受了为期10周的治疗性游戏干预，以缓解他们的压力。结果表明，在由于痛苦和害怕医疗程序或由于处于不熟悉的情况而难以适应的儿童中。鼓励情绪表达，从而促进对医院环境的适应。少

The present research project focused on the therapeutic function of children's play. The aim of the project was to develop a nursing intervention model utilizing play for hospitalized children who experience considerable stress due to treatment or procedures. This research project comprised a review of literature regarding hospitalized childrens play a cross-country survey of hospitals with pediatric wards and more than 400 beds, and the implementation of a play program for 5 preschool children in hospital. As a result the following findings were obtained.1.Survey results indicated that 73.9% of the hospitals decorated the procedure room to attract children's attention and 64.5% prepared toys for distracting children during procedures. In addition. more than half of the nursing staff often made children hold their favorite toy during procedures and created something attractive to draw the child's attention to a nurse or a nurse's clothing. However, nursing staff rarely utilized therape … More utic play to promote children's understanding of treatment and/or procedures. or to reduce their anxiety and fear. The meaning of the term "preparation" was perceived by most nurses as "clearly explaining treatment and/or procedures to a child using a doll or a picture book". or "receiving consent from the child". Therefore, "preparation" was primarily considered to be a means of demonstration to a child.2.During participant observation, physical examination. blood pressure and temperature measurement. injection, and suppository insertion were often observed as the themes of imitative play among preschool children in hospital. Furthermore, following unpleasant procedures. repetition of the same procedure with a stuffed toy or while playing with clay also frequently appeared. These observations suggest that children release their negative emotions through such play.Each of the 5 children received a 10-week therapeutic play intervention addressing their stress. The results indicated that among children who had difficulty adapting because of distress and fear of the medical procedure or as a result of being in an unfamiliar situation. emotional expression was encouraged : consequently adaptation to the hospital environment was promoted. Less