Development of Nursing Care Model with Play Program for Preschool Children Receiving Treatment and Procedure in Hospital

本研究主要探讨儿童游戏的治疗功能。该项目的目的是开发一种护理干预模式，利用游戏的住院儿童经历相当大的压力，由于治疗或程序。本研究包括对住院儿童游戏相关文献的回顾，对拥有儿科病房和400多张病床的医院的跨国调查，以及对5名住院学龄前儿童的游戏计划的实施。结果发现：1.调查结果显示，73.9%的医院在手术室布置上吸引儿童的注意力，64.5%的医院在手术过程中准备玩具分散儿童的注意力。另外。一半以上的护理人员在手术过程中经常让孩子拿着他们最喜欢的玩具，并创造一些吸引孩子注意力的东西来吸引护士或护士的衣服。然而，护理人员很少使用治疗， 关于我们 通过游戏促进儿童对治疗和/或程序的理解。或者减少他们的焦虑和恐惧。大多数护士认为“准备”一词的含义是“使用玩偶或图画书向儿童清楚地解释治疗和/或程序”。或“征得孩子的同意”。因此，“准备”主要被认为是一种向孩子展示的手段。2.在参与者观察期间，身体检查。血压和体温测量。注射、插栓是学龄前儿童住院期间模仿游戏的主题。此外，在不愉快的程序之后。用填充玩具或玩粘土时重复同样的过程也经常出现。这些观察结果表明，儿童通过这种游戏释放他们的负面情绪。5名儿童中的每一个都接受了为期10周的治疗性游戏干预，以解决他们的压力。结果表明，在那些由于痛苦和对医疗程序的恐惧或由于处于不熟悉的环境而难以适应的儿童中，鼓励情绪表达，促进对医院环境的适应。少

The present research project focused on the therapeutic function of children's play. The aim of the project was to develop a nursing intervention model utilizing play for hospitalized children who experience considerable stress due to treatment or procedures. This research project comprised a review of literature regarding hospitalized childrens play a cross-country survey of hospitals with pediatric wards and more than 400 beds, and the implementation of a play program for 5 preschool children in hospital. As a result the following findings were obtained.1.Survey results indicated that 73.9% of the hospitals decorated the procedure room to attract children's attention and 64.5% prepared toys for distracting children during procedures. In addition. more than half of the nursing staff often made children hold their favorite toy during procedures and created something attractive to draw the child's attention to a nurse or a nurse's clothing. However, nursing staff rarely utilized therape … More utic play to promote children's understanding of treatment and/or procedures. or to reduce their anxiety and fear. The meaning of the term "preparation" was perceived by most nurses as "clearly explaining treatment and/or procedures to a child using a doll or a picture book". or "receiving consent from the child". Therefore, "preparation" was primarily considered to be a means of demonstration to a child.2.During participant observation, physical examination. blood pressure and temperature measurement. injection, and suppository insertion were often observed as the themes of imitative play among preschool children in hospital. Furthermore, following unpleasant procedures. repetition of the same procedure with a stuffed toy or while playing with clay also frequently appeared. These observations suggest that children release their negative emotions through such play.Each of the 5 children received a 10-week therapeutic play intervention addressing their stress. The results indicated that among children who had difficulty adapting because of distress and fear of the medical procedure or as a result of being in an unfamiliar situation. emotional expression was encouraged : consequently adaptation to the hospital environment was promoted. Less