权益分类	功能权益	普通用户	{{item.name}}会员
{{category.name}}	{{benefitItem.name}}

Qualitative Investigation of the Role of Craft Language in Learning Waza in Sport

工艺语言在体育运动中学习 Waza 中的作用的定性调查

基本信息

批准号：
14580010
负责人：
KITAMURA Katsuro
金额：
$ 2.05万
依托单位：
Tohoku University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2002
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2002 至 2004
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

The Acquisition of the skills in sport has long been construed as difficult to teach only through scientifically, with learners being able to master it through figurative verbal instruction. The purpose of this study was to investigate how metaphorical verbal instructions were effective in skill acquisition during training in several sports. Five gymnastic coaches, ten junior gymnasts (mean age 11.8), two basketball coaches, five basketball players, two figure skating coaches, and five figure skaters served as the participants for this study. Twenty four training sessions where coaches instructed junior gymnasts in gymnastic skills by metaphorical languages were observed and recorded. In-depth, open ended interview was conducted with each coach and gymnast stimulated recall by VTR every training session. Interview transcripts were divided into 40 meaning units. These meaning units were regrouped into two categories which crucial for the metaphorical verbal instructions on gymnastic training. Two categories emerged from the analysis consisted of 1)structuring network of kinesthetic sensitivities, and 2)coding. Results showed that athletes linked their kinesthetic sensitivities they have already experienced, and coded the network. In other words, athletes could reconstruct some kinesthetic sensitivity they have already experienced by which he/she can make simple network of kinesthetic sensitivities when coaches instructed them by metaphorical verbal instruction. In addition, athletes understand imagery of skill sequence because code which crossed gymnast's mind by the metaphorical language changes the network of kinesthetic sensitivities into imagery of skill sequence. In short, metaphorical verbal instructions are effective when coaches instruct athletes by metaphorical languages which bring out kinesthetic sensitivities which are essential for the skill acquisition.

长期以来，体育技能的获得被认为只有通过科学的方法才能获得，而学习者能够通过比喻的口头指导来掌握它。本研究的目的是探讨在几项运动项目的训练中，隐喻性语言指令如何有效地促进技能习得。五名体操教练、十名初级体操运动员(平均年龄11.8岁)、两名篮球教练、五名篮球运动员、两名花样滑冰教练和五名花样滑冰运动员作为研究对象。观察和记录了24个训练课，教练员用隐喻语言指导初级体操运动员掌握体操技能。对每位教练员和体操运动员进行深度开放式访谈，用录像机记录每一次训练时的回忆。面试成绩单被分为40个意思单元。这些意义单位被重新划分为两个范畴，这两个范畴对体操训练中的隐喻性言语指令至关重要。从分析中发现了两种类型：1)构建运动敏感性网络，2)编码。结果表明，运动员将他们已经经历过的运动敏感性联系起来，并对网络进行编码。换句话说，运动员可以重建他们已经经历过的一些动觉敏感度，通过这些敏感度，他/她可以在教练员通过隐喻的口头指导指导他们时，建立起简单的动觉敏感度网络。此外，运动员能够理解技术序列的表象，是因为通过隐喻语言进入运动员头脑的代码将运动敏感性网络转化为技术序列的表象。简而言之，当教练员使用隐喻性语言指导运动员时，隐喻性口头指导是有效的，因为隐喻性语言带来了对技能习得至关重要的动觉敏感性。