A study on the theory of human service organizations in the science of physical education and sport management

本研究的目的有二：(1)将人类服务组织理论应用于体育教育与运动管理科学；(2)检验商业体育健身俱乐部服务组织导向的信度和效度。服务组织导向概念由5个维度和39个语句实现。一份包含39项陈述的调查问卷被发放给了一家商业体育健身俱乐部的693名成员。共回收可用问卷218份，回复率为31.5%。采用主成分分析、Cronbach信度分析和t检验对某商业体育健身俱乐部服务组织取向的整体结构进行了分析。结果表明：1)服务型组织取向概念具有可靠的5个组成要素，分别为“层次扁平”、“授权”、“开放”、“创新”和“组织学习”；2)在比较组织绩效类型（低绩效俱乐部与高绩效俱乐部）的5个成分差异（T分）时，“层次扁平”、“创新性”和“组织学习”的T分差异显著。也就是说，在前三个组成部分中，高绩效俱乐部的T得分高于低绩效俱乐部。

The purpose of this study are twofold :(1) to apply the theory of human service organizations to a science of physical education and sport management ;(2) to examine the reliability and validity of a service organization orientation in the commercial sports and fitness club. The service organization orientation concept was operationalized by five dimensions and 39 statements. Questionnaires containing 39 statements were administered to a total of 693 members of a commercial sports and fitness club. Two hundred eighteen usable questionnaires were returned, resulting in a response rate of 31.5%. Principal component analysis, Cronbach's reliability analysis and t-test were used to identify the overall structure of a service organization orientation in a commercial sports and fitness club.The main findings were summarized as follows :1)The service organization orientation concept had reliable five components, and they were named as "flat hierarchy", "empowerment", "openness", "innovativeness", and "organizational learning", respectively.2)When five components were compared for differences(T scores) in organizational performance types(low performance club versus high performance club), T scores differed significantly for "flat hierarchy", "innovativeness", and "organizational learning". That is to say, high performance club's T scores were higher than that of low performance club for previous three components.