A study on the theory of human service organizations in the science of physical education and sport management

本研究的目的有二：（1）将人性化服务组织理论应用于体育管理科学;（2）检验商业性体育健身俱乐部服务组织定位的信度和效度。服务组织定位概念由五个维度和39个陈述操作化。该署向一间商业体育及健身会的六百九十三名会员发出载有三十九份声明的问卷。回收有效问卷218份，回收率为31.5%。运用主成分分析、Cronbach’s信度分析和t检验等方法，对某商业体育健身俱乐部服务组织定位的总体结构进行了研究，主要研究结果如下：1）服务组织导向概念有五个可靠的组成部分，分别命名为“扁平层级”、“授权”、“开放性”、“创新性”和“组织学习”。在组织绩效类型（低绩效俱乐部与高绩效俱乐部）中，组织绩效在“扁平化层级”、“创新性”、“组织学习”三个维度上有显著差异。也就是说，高绩效俱乐部在前三个方面的T得分高于低绩效俱乐部。

The purpose of this study are twofold :(1) to apply the theory of human service organizations to a science of physical education and sport management ;(2) to examine the reliability and validity of a service organization orientation in the commercial sports and fitness club. The service organization orientation concept was operationalized by five dimensions and 39 statements. Questionnaires containing 39 statements were administered to a total of 693 members of a commercial sports and fitness club. Two hundred eighteen usable questionnaires were returned, resulting in a response rate of 31.5%. Principal component analysis, Cronbach's reliability analysis and t-test were used to identify the overall structure of a service organization orientation in a commercial sports and fitness club.The main findings were summarized as follows :1)The service organization orientation concept had reliable five components, and they were named as "flat hierarchy", "empowerment", "openness", "innovativeness", and "organizational learning", respectively.2)When five components were compared for differences(T scores) in organizational performance types(low performance club versus high performance club), T scores differed significantly for "flat hierarchy", "innovativeness", and "organizational learning". That is to say, high performance club's T scores were higher than that of low performance club for previous three components.