Communication by International Students at University Communities

访谈数据和行通讯数据来自两个科技领域实验室的4名教授和8名研究生，其中包括5名国际研究生。语言方面的分析三名非汉字背景的留学生在完成相同的日语强化课程入门课程后加入实验室，在实验室的两到三年里，他们表现出不同的语言代码选择：一个人的日语水平有了显著的提高，并完成了包括用日语写硕士论文在内的所有学术任务，另一个人大部分时间选择了英语，另一个人在这两个过程中选择了英语。通过对这三名留学生的细致案例研究发现，影响语言代码选择的主要因素是实验室的留学生比例、教授对实验室的管理原则以及在…中构建网络的成败虽然两个实验室都观察了日本学生不愿说英语的态度，但根据国际学生的规模，两个实验室的结果呈现出不同的方面。在一个国际学生占少数的实验室里，不能用英语交流是留学生在留日初期学习日语的强烈动机。另一方面，另一个实验室的国际学生人数迅速增加，高达40%的成员，这刺激了日本学生用英语说话，减少了不情愿。对于后一个实验室的两名成员之间的交流，主要根据所涉及的国际学生的日语熟练程度来选择不同比例的语言。对“实验室文化”的分析从访谈数据中收集了关于规范为合意行为的自发性叙述，包括清楚和不清楚的形式。对研究活动、其他活动、实验室管理角色、人际关系和参与等方面的规范进行了描述。较少

The interview data and row communication data were collected for three years from 4 professors and 8 graduate students including 5 international research students in two laboratories of science and technology fields.1. The analysis on linguistic aspectThree international students from non-Kanji backgrounds, who joined the labs after completing the same Beginners Course of Japanese Intensive Program, showed different language code selection during two to three years at the labs : the one showed remarkable improvement in Japanese, and conducted every academic tasks including writing master thesis in Japanese, while the other selected English most of the time, and another in the middle of these two. The careful case studies of these three international students revealed that the major factors affecting the language code selection were the ratio of the international students in the lab, the professor's principles of managing the lab, and the success/failure of constructing networks in the … More lab.While Japanese students' attitudes of unwilling to speak English were observed at both labs, the outcomes showed different aspects at the two labs according to the size of international students. At one lab where the international students were minority the incapability of communicating in English worked as strong motivation for the international student for Japanese Language acquisition at the very early period of his stay in Japan. On the other hand, the rapid increase of international students up to 40% of members at another lab stimulated Japanese students to speak in English, decreasing reluctance. For the communication between two members of the latter lab, the language was selected at various ratio according mainly to the Japanese proficiency level of the international student involved.2. Analysis on "Laboratory Cultures"The spontaneous narratives, both in clear and unclear forms, concerning norms as desirable behavior were collected from Interview data. The norms were described on research activities, other activities, roles for lab management, human relations, and participation. Less