Usefulness of red fresh fish and its processed food and extract for the sources of histidine

本研究重点研究了红鲜鱼及其加工食品和提取物对组氨酸来源的有用性。本研究的目的是阐明红色鲜鱼的加工食品和提取物对肥胖的预防作用。鱼类和无脊椎动物中的组氨酸含量取决于游离组氨酸的含量。对不同鱼类和无脊椎动物肌肉中的游离组氨酸和总组氨酸含量进行了估计，这些含量在鳄鱼、黄鳍金枪鱼、黄尾鱼和鲱鱼的肌肉中高于来自蜥蜴、红鳍和带鱼的白色肌肉。除鱿鱼外，无脊椎动物肌肉中游离组氨酸和总组氨酸含量均较低。盐渍凤尾鱼(Niboshi)的游离组氨酸含量低于腌制凤尾鱼(Suboshi)。为制备富含组氨酸的游离组氨酸提取物，采用酶消化法对鱼片汤料废渣进行了酶解。酶解液中含有较高的游离组氨酸，能补充尼伯什的游离组氨酸。用大鼠进行动物实验，观察了骨鱼干(BE)、鸡骨鱼提取物(BBE)、骨鱼干(DB)3种热水提取物对肥胖的抑制作用。饲喂BE、BBE和DB饲料的大鼠摄食量低于以酪蛋白为蛋白质来源的对照饲料。饲喂BE、BBE和DB饲料的大鼠体脂肪含量也低于对照组。这些结果表明，BE、BBE和DB是预防肥胖的有用食物。此外，口服Be可减少受试者的食物摄入量。它还能降低受试者的BMI和体脂比。

This study was focused on usefulness of red fresh fishes and its processed foods and extracts for the sources of histidine. The aim of this study is to clarify the effects of the processed food and extracts of red fresh fishes on the prevention of obesity.Histidine contents in fishes and invertebrates depend on the contents of free histidine. Free histidine and total histidine contents in the muscles of various fishes and invertebrates were estimated; these contents were higher in the muscle from bonito, yellowfin tuna, yellowtail, and mackerel than in white muscles from such as lizard fish, red seabream, and hairtail. Invertebrate muscles except squid contained low free and total histidines. Salted-dried anchovy (niboshi) contained lower free histidine than that of the dried anchovy (suboshi). To prepare free histidine rich extracts, the waste residue of soup stock from dried bonito flakes (katsuobushi) was digested with proteases. The extract of the enzyme digest contained high free histidine and was able to supplement niboshi with free histidine. The enriched niboshi may be used in expectation of anti-obesity action of histidineSuppressive effects of hot water extract obtained from the process of dried bonito (BE), Bonito Bouillon Extract (BBE), and dried bonito (DB) on obesity were examined by animal experiments using rats. Food intakes of rats fed by BE, BBE, and DB diets were lower than that fed by control diet (Casein was used for protein source). Body fats contents of rats fed by BE, BBE, and DB diets were also lower than that fed by control diets. These results read us the conclusion that BE, BBE, and DB were useful foods for prevention of obesity. In addition, oral administration of BE for human decrease food intake of subjects. It is also decrease BMI and body fat ratio of subjects.