Usefulness of red fresh fish and its processed food and extract for the sources of histidine

本研究的重点是红鲜鱼及其加工食品和提取物对组氨酸来源的有效性。本研究的目的是阐明红鲜鱼加工食品及其提取物对肥胖的预防作用。鱼类和无脊椎动物的组氨酸含量取决于游离组氨酸的含量。测定了各种鱼类和无脊椎动物肌肉中游离组氨酸和总组氨酸的含量；在鲣鱼、黄鳍金枪鱼、黄尾鱼和鲭鱼的肌肉中，这些含量高于蜥蜴鱼、红鲷和带鱼等白色肌肉。除鱿鱼外，无脊椎动物肌肉中游离组氨酸和总组氨酸含量较低。盐渍干凤尾鱼的游离组氨酸含量低于干凤尾鱼。以干鲣鱼片汤料废渣为原料，用蛋白酶对其进行酶解，制备富游离组氨酸提取物。酶消化液中游离组氨酸含量较高，可为肉苁茸补充游离组氨酸。以大鼠为实验对象，研究了鲣鱼热浸提液（be）、鲣鱼汤浸提液（BBE）和鲣鱼干浸提液（DB）对肥胖的抑制作用。BE、BBE和DB组大鼠的采食量均低于对照组（蛋白质来源为酪蛋白）。以BE、BBE和DB为饲料的大鼠体脂肪含量也低于对照饲料。这些结果告诉我们，BE、BBE和DB是预防肥胖的有用食物。此外，口服BE可减少受试者的食物摄入量。同时降低受试者的身体质量指数和体脂率。

This study was focused on usefulness of red fresh fishes and its processed foods and extracts for the sources of histidine. The aim of this study is to clarify the effects of the processed food and extracts of red fresh fishes on the prevention of obesity.Histidine contents in fishes and invertebrates depend on the contents of free histidine. Free histidine and total histidine contents in the muscles of various fishes and invertebrates were estimated; these contents were higher in the muscle from bonito, yellowfin tuna, yellowtail, and mackerel than in white muscles from such as lizard fish, red seabream, and hairtail. Invertebrate muscles except squid contained low free and total histidines. Salted-dried anchovy (niboshi) contained lower free histidine than that of the dried anchovy (suboshi). To prepare free histidine rich extracts, the waste residue of soup stock from dried bonito flakes (katsuobushi) was digested with proteases. The extract of the enzyme digest contained high free histidine and was able to supplement niboshi with free histidine. The enriched niboshi may be used in expectation of anti-obesity action of histidineSuppressive effects of hot water extract obtained from the process of dried bonito (BE), Bonito Bouillon Extract (BBE), and dried bonito (DB) on obesity were examined by animal experiments using rats. Food intakes of rats fed by BE, BBE, and DB diets were lower than that fed by control diet (Casein was used for protein source). Body fats contents of rats fed by BE, BBE, and DB diets were also lower than that fed by control diets. These results read us the conclusion that BE, BBE, and DB were useful foods for prevention of obesity. In addition, oral administration of BE for human decrease food intake of subjects. It is also decrease BMI and body fat ratio of subjects.