Crystallization behavior and supersaturation in mixed electrolyte solutions in view of salt damage in porous materials
考虑到多孔材料的盐损伤,混合电解质溶液中的结晶行为和过饱和度
基本信息
- 批准号:470385014
- 负责人:
- 金额:--
- 依托单位:
- 依托单位国家:德国
- 项目类别:Research Grants
- 财政年份:
- 资助国家:德国
- 起止时间:
- 项目状态:未结题
- 来源:
- 关键词:
项目摘要
Salt damage in building materials is the result of confined crystal growth in the pore space. Growing crystal can generate sufficient stress to the pore walls, the crystallization pressure, if they are in contact with a supersaturated solution. The degree of supersaturation directly controls the crystallization pressure and, consequently, the resulting damage. Thus, studying the supersaturation of salts in pore solutions provides information on the damage potential of a particular salt. For several single salts such investigations are available confirming that very high supersaturations are achieved. However, contamination of real objects with single salts are hardly ever observed. Typically, the salt systems in building materials comprise of complex salt mixtures. This is the main focus of the present research proposal. The major objective of the project is an investigation of the crystallization behavior and critical supersaturation of mixed salt solutions and the resulting damage potentials in comparison to single salts. It is assumed that a high initial supersaturation will also favor high crystallization pressure. The salt mixtures to be mainly studied are the very hygroscopic mixtures of various chlorides and nitrates typically found in historic buildings affected by rising damp. The crystallization behavior of such salt mixtures is simulated using a thermodynamic equilibrium model and the model predicted crystallization pathway will be validated using temperature and humidity controlled Raman-microscopy. Critical supersaturation of the various crystalline solids in the mixed solutions are determined under realistic conditions, i.e. within porous substrates such as natural stone. If supersaturation is induced by cooling, nucleation can be detected calorimetrically. Supersaturation by evaporation is investigated using glass capillaries as porous substrates and optical microscopy. In addition, evaporation from other porous substrates will be studied using calorimetry and gravimetry, both under controlled conditions of temperature and relative humidity. Experimental results are used to calculate the thermodynamic supersaturation in order to assess the damage potential of salts and salt mixtures, respectively. Finally, cyclic damage experiments will be carried out using stone specimen contaminated with just the salt mixtures that have been characterized before in order to validate the damage potentials.
建筑材料中的盐损害是受限于孔隙空间中的晶体生长的结果。生长中的晶体如果与过饱和溶液接触,会对孔壁产生足够的应力,即结晶压力。过饱和度直接控制结晶压力,从而控制所产生的损害。因此,研究孔隙溶液中盐的过饱和度提供了关于特定盐的损害潜力的信息。对于几种单一的盐,这样的研究是可用的,证实了非常高的过饱和度的实现。然而,几乎从未观察到真实的物体被单一盐污染。通常,建筑材料中的盐体系由复杂的盐混合物组成。这是本研究提案的主要重点。该项目的主要目标是研究混合盐溶液的结晶行为和临界过饱和度,以及与单一盐相比所产生的破坏潜力。假设高的初始过饱和度也将有利于高的结晶压力。主要研究的盐混合物是各种氯化物和硝酸盐的吸湿性很强的混合物,这些氯化物和硝酸盐通常存在于受潮湿影响的历史建筑中。使用热力学平衡模型模拟这种盐混合物的结晶行为,并且使用温度和湿度控制的拉曼显微镜验证模型预测的结晶途径。混合溶液中各种结晶固体的临界过饱和度是在现实条件下(即在天然石材等多孔基质内)确定的。如果过饱和是由冷却引起的,则可以通过量热法检测成核。用玻璃毛细管作为多孔基底,通过光学显微镜研究了蒸发过饱和。此外,将使用量热法和重量法在温度和相对湿度的受控条件下研究从其他多孔基材的蒸发。实验结果被用来计算热力学过饱和,以评估盐和盐的混合物,分别损害的潜力。最后,循环损伤实验将进行使用的岩石样本污染的盐的混合物,已被表征之前,以验证损伤的潜力。
项目成果
期刊论文数量(0)
专著数量(0)
科研奖励数量(0)
会议论文数量(0)
专利数量(0)
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Professor Dr. Michael Steiger其他文献
Professor Dr. Michael Steiger的其他文献
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