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Study on disaster by water in urban rivers and urban spaces

城市河流和城市空间水灾害研究

基本信息

批准号：
16510113
负责人：
TODA Keiichi
金额：
$ 2.11万
依托单位：
KYOTO UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2004
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2004 至 2005
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

The main results through this study are as follows.1. A simulation model is developed to express the rapid change of river water depth and the consequent inundation in urban river basin by heavy rainfall. The model constitutes a runoff model based on the kinematic wave model and a 2-D horizontal inundation model with unstructured meshes. Small rivers and ditches are incorporated into the unstructured meshes. The model is applied to Isahaya city area, Nagasaki city area and Uji city area in Japan. Through the simulation analysis, the degree of flood hazard possibility in the urban river basins is clarified.2. An inundation simulation model based on a storage pond model is developed which can treat inundation of both ground and underground spaces in urban area. The continuity equation, momentum equation and drop formula are used as the basic equations in the model. The model is applied to Fukuoka city and Kyoto city in Japan. The results show that the large inundation into underground malls and subways may occur in the case the river in both cities overflows.3. Underground inundation is one of the important problems solved urgently. One of the effective measures to reduce the damage of underground inundation is quick evacuation from there. Evacuation from underground spaces is studied by use of the real scale hydraulic models of staircases and doors. From the experimental results, it is found that the water depth of 0.3m at the entrance on the ground is the critical depth for evacuation from underground space through staircases, and the depth of 0.4m in front of the door is the limit to open the door.

本研究的主要结果如下：1.建立了一个模拟暴雨引起城市河流水深急剧变化及其淹没的模型。该模型由基于运动波模型的径流模型和基于非结构化网格的二维水平淹没模型组成。小河流和沟渠被纳入非结构化网格。该模型应用于日本伊沙亚市区、长崎市区和宇治市区。通过模拟分析，明确了城市河流流域洪水灾害发生的可能性程度.建立了一个基于蓄水池模型的城市地面和地下空间淹没模拟模型。模型以连续性方程、动量方程和液滴公式为基本方程。该模型应用于日本福冈市和京都市。研究结果表明，两城市的河道一旦发生溢流，地下商场和地铁都有可能发生大面积的淹没.地下水淹没是亟待解决的重要问题之一。减少井下水淹危害的有效措施之一是快速撤离。利用真实的比例尺的楼梯和门的水力学模型研究了地下空间的疏散问题。从实验结果发现，地面入口处0.3m的水深是通过楼梯从地下空间疏散的临界深度，门前0.4m的深度是开门的极限。