APPLICATION OF 3D-GIS FOR DISASTER ANALYSIS

3D-GIS在灾害分析中的应用

基本信息

批准号：
16510141
负责人：
MORI M.
金额：
$ 1.92万
依托单位：
KINKI UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2004
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2004 至 2006
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

A high-resolution Digital Elevation Model (DEM) (2m mesh grid) has been used to analyze a river flood using Geographic Information Systems (GIS). In the past, a 5 m-meshed DEM and an airborne laser system have been used to analyze river geometry for making river hazard maps, monitoring and model making. However, this approach has not been sufficient to obtain a 5m DEM to reconstruct the small structural features of smaller rivers, especially those with narrow banks. The widths of riverbanks encountered are frequently less than 3m.The 2m DEM generated by the advanced airborne laser system has relatively high resolution compared to previous examples and the vertical resolution is 0.1 meter. This vertical resolution is sufficient for the construction of our model.The Onga River in Iizuka City on Kyushu Island in Japan has been analyzed in detail. In the past, the Onga River has frequently overflowed its banks and the floodwaters flowed down to the downtown area of Iizuka City on July, 200 … More 3, causing a wide variety of damage during the period of this disaster. A 3D surface model around the river can now be obtained by surveying the area using a laser range finder and GPS. This system generates 3D coordinates with 50 cm resolution, respectively. A cross-section of the river is generated in a two-dimensional coordinate system perpendicular to the water flow of the river. The direction of the water flow is shown by the y-axis, the intervals of which direction are 5 meters to 50 meters depending on the curvature of the river. These 3D coordinates around the river are shown in the form a local coordinate system, the data of which is obtained in a three-dimensional CAD format such as dxf (AutoCAD). However, this CAD data does not include referents that relate directly to a standard geo-coordinate system. Thus, calibrations of several points around the riverbanks have been performed to generate referents to a WGK84 system format using the high-resolution GPS system. The GPS system, GSR2600 (SOKKIA), is a dual-frequency Real-Time Kinematics (RTK) system, the resolutions of which are nominally 2cm both in a vertical direction and in a horizontal direction.Thus, contour lines are generated using the combined DEM data in the GIS system for estimating flooded areas around the Onga River. Contour lines at intervals of 20cm as are shown in the print-outs. The flooded areas are estimated precisely, based on river water levels, and can be used for flood hazard maps. Estimated flooded areas based on several water levels are also shown in the print-outs. Three-dimensional views of the flooded areas were obtained from several angles by this system. Less

高分辨率数字高程模型（DEM）（2M网格网格）已用于使用地理信息系统（GIS）分析河流洪水。过去，使用了5 m筛分的DEM和空气传播的激光系统来分析河流几何形状，以制造河流危险图，监测和模型。但是，这种方法还不足以获得5M DEM来重建小河流的小结构特征，尤其是那些河流狭窄的河流。遇到的河岸的宽度通常小于3M。与以前的示例相比，高级机载激光系统产生的2m DEM具有相对较高的分辨率，垂直分辨率为0.1米。该垂直分辨率足以构建我们的模型。日本九州岛Iizuka City的Onga River已详细分析。过去，Onga River经常溢出其河岸，洪水于7月200日流到Iizuka City市中心，3次……3，在这场灾难时期造成了各种各样的损失。现在，可以使用激光范围查找器和GPS调查该区域，从而获得河流周围的3D表面模型。该系统分别以50 cm分辨率生成3D坐标。河流的横截面是在二维坐标中产生的。垂直于河水流的系统。水流的方向由Y轴显示，根据河流的曲率，方向的间隔为5米至50米。这些3D坐标在河流周围以局部坐标系的形式显示，其数据以三维CAD格式（例如DXF（AutoCAD））获得。但是，此CAD数据不包括与标准地理坐标系统直接相关的引用者。这就是使用高分辨率GPS系统在河岸周围进行的几个点的校准，以生成WGK84系统格式的引用。 GPS系统GSR2600（Sokkia）是一种双频实时运动学（RTK）系统，其解决方案名义上是沿垂直方向和水平方向沿垂直方向2厘米的，轮廓线，使用GIS系统中的DEM在GIS系统中生成用于估算泛河周围的洪水的组合数据。正轮廓线以20厘米为间隔，如打印输出所示。根据河水水平，准确估计被洪水泛滥的地区，可用于洪水危险图。基于几个水位的估计洪水区域也显示在打印范围中。该系统从几个角度获得了洪水泛滥区域的三维视图。较少的