Research on landscape archaeology in the Prehistoric Osaka Plain

本研究的目的是综合利用考古遗址的地质特征和环境资料，对古大坂平原的地貌和环境进行详细的复原，并对大坂平原史前遗址的特征进行认识。为此，我们收集了考古遗址的基础资料和地层资料，以及地质调查的钻孔资料，并对史前时期的地貌和环境进行了初步分析。从这些综合分析的结果可知，旧石器时代，旧大坂平原的遗址群的形成是从出产赞岐石的二条山地区向放射状扩展的高地和丘陵沿着展开的。但旧石器时代的遗址大多规模较小，作为大本营的大型遗址集中在二条山地区附近。唯一的例外是位于淀川北方的冈下今代遗址 关于我们 如大河。该遗址是位于通达高地的遗址群的大本营，可能是某种地形和环境条件影响了遗址群的分布。也就是说，在淀川南侧的大坂平原东北部，由于沼泽地和洼地的分布，围绕着这一地区形成了旧石器时代的遗址群。由此推测，人类的疆域被分割为二条山地区和淀川北方一侧。由于绳文时代地形变化频繁，故难以重建旧川的路线。因此，不可能广泛而准确地重建旧地貌。然而，通过最近的调查，很明显，绳文人在很长一段时间内的占领是在平方高地尖端形成的冲积扇上进行的。此外，在大坂平原南部的长原遗址附近，确认了绳文时代早期的河池湾的海滩线。在绳文时代早期和中期，在河池湾沿岸形成了沿着的一些遗址。然而，在绳纹时代后期，遗址的数量迅速增加。这些遗址是在河池湖周围的冲积扇和天然堤坝上形成的。在绳文时代中期以前，在他们没有居住的地方形成了遗址。而这一次，自然地形变化不大。因此，绳文遗址在后期之后的迅速增加似乎受到了社会变化的影响，如作为领土稳定的贸易制度的形成。少

The purpose of this study are reconstructions of the landform and the environment on the Paleo Osaka Plain in detail by utilizing generally the geological feature and environmental data from archaeological site, and understandings of the characteristic of prehistoric sites located in Osaka plain. For that purpose, we collected basic information and the stratum data in archaeological sites, and the boring data by geological surveys, also we worked preliminary analysis for reconstructing of landform and environment in prehistoric period. From a result of these general analysis, we knew the followings.In palaeolithic period, the formation of site cluster in Paleo Osaka Plain unfolded along the upland and the hill which spread out radically from Nijozan area in which sanukite is yielded.However, most of palaeolithic sites is small, and large-scale sites regarded as base camp are concentrated around Nijozan area. The exception is Gunge-imashiro site located in the northern side of Yodo rive … More r as vast river. This site is base camp of site cluster located in the Tonda upland.There is a possibility that of some topography and an environmental condition acted on the distribution of such site clusters. In other words, because everglades and swales spread out in northeast area of Osaka plain, south side of Yodo river, site clusters in palaeolithic period were formed as surrounding this area. As a result, it is estimated that the territory of the human group parted into two areas : Nijozan area and northern side of Yodo river.Because the landforms changed busily in Jomon period, it is difficult to reconstruct routes of old rivers. Therefore, it was not possible to reconstruct old landforms widely and accurately. However, by recent investigation, it became clear that the occupation by Jomon people in a long time was performed on the alluvial fan formed at the tip of Hirakata upland. In addition, it was confirmed the beach line of the Kawachi Bay whom there was in early Jomon period located at the neighborhood of Nagahara site in southern part of Osaka plain.In early and middle Jomon periods, some sites were formed along the coast of Kawachi Bay. However, the number of sites increases rapidly in latter Jomon period. Those sites were formed on alluvial fans and natural levees around the Kawachi Lake slight highlands. Sites were formed in the places where they did not live in before middle Jomon period. As for this time, the natural topography did not change large. Therefore, it seems that the rapid increase of Jomon sites after late period was affected by social changes such as a formation of trade system as a stability of territories. Less