Positivistic study of the amendments to the law concerning the landlord and tenant in 1960s - as a reaction to the change of the Japanese post-war society

本研究对1966年关于土地租赁和房屋租赁的法律修正案进行了重新审视。作为修正案的草案，法务省于1956年公布了由坂前和津教授编写的《租赁土地和租赁房屋法修正案暂定方案大纲》。但是，这一计划遭到了土地所有者的强烈反对。因为，该计划的目的是赋予租赁人权力，将财产租赁的法律性质从个人财产转变为不动产。由于严重的反应，司法部决定放弃其雄心勃勃的计划，并将其重新审查工作限制在迫切需要的事项上，从而在1966年实现了修正案。本研究探讨了提出修订的主要原因，特别是其旨在改变财产租赁的法律性质和引入新的争议解决制度的原因。在助学金的帮助下，调查人员收集并审查了当时撰写的许多草稿、文件、会议报告和论文，以澄清研究结果在《Dokkyo Hogaku》上发表的一篇文章的大量修改工作。Wagatsuma的意图是将财产租赁的法律性质转变为不动产，使租赁人能够在没有土地所有人干预的情况下转让、转租其权利，甚至构成权利抵押。另外，就城市防火问题，建设部将法务部要求引进有利于建筑物重建的制度。当时，在地方法院管辖的诉讼中，租赁纠纷占20%以上，因此法务部需要新的纠纷解决制度。但是，法官们担心，该修正案强调了他们对诉讼的积极介入，可能会加重法院的负担，因此对修正案表示了犹豫。笔者还指出，由于官方信息公开制度的完善，重新审视战后民政立法中的讨论，对于现行法律的完善是有益的。少

This research reexamines the amendments in 1966 to the law concerning leased land and rented house. As a draft for the amendments, The Ministry of Justice announced in 1956 "Outline of the tentative plan for the amendments to the law concerning Leased Land and Rented House", prepared by professor WAGATSUMA Sakae. However, this tentative plan met a considerable resistance from the landowners, since it aims, with the purpose of empowering the leaseholders, to transform the legal nature of property lease from personal property to real property. Due to the severe reaction, the Ministry of Justice decided to renounce its ambitious plan and to limit its reexamination work to the matters of urgent necessity, thus achieved the amendments in 1966. This research examines the main reason of the proposed amendments, especially the reason why it aimed to transform the legal nature of the property lease and to introduce a new dispute solution system.With the help of the grant-in-aid, the investigato … More r collected and examined many drafts, documents, conference reports and papers written at that time to clarify a big flow of revision work in an article written in Dokkyo Hogaku as a result of the research. Wagatsuma intended to transform the legal nature of the property lease into real property with the view to enabling the leaseholder to transfer, sublease his right and even constitute mortgage of the right without the intervention of the landowners. Also, for the city fireproofing, the Ministry of Construction requested the Ministry of the Justice to introduce a system facilitating the reconstruction of the building. The disputes concerning the lease problem occupying 20 percent or more of the litigation under jurisdiction of the district court at that time, the Ministry of Justice for his part needed a new dispute solution system. However, the judges had a hesitation to the proposed amendments for the fear that the proposed dispute solution system might overweight load of the court, since it emphasized their active interventions in the litigation. I also pointed out that due to the amelioration of the disclosure of official information it is profitable to reexamine the discussion in the civil affairs legislation in postwar days for the improvement of the law in action. Less