Research of Employment Insertion Support for Persons in Social Difficulties in France ; Anecdotal Survey in Ile-de-France Prefecture

笔者对法国法兰西岛省社会困难人员的就业安置支持问题进行了研究。本文从法国巴黎市和伊勒-德-法国省的具体措施来说明这些支持。另一方面，就整个欧洲而言，不仅仅是法国，欧盟也在解决社会困难者问题，制定了欧洲就业战略和社会排斥政策。我分析了对社会困难者的就业支援的更有效性。在日本，当类似问题加剧时，政府实施了“以自我生存为目的的支援”。当然，我认为“自我生存”或“独立”对我们的生活很重要，但它的获得却被社会因素所排斥。因此，需要“社会组织”的新政策和新行动。在欧洲，正是基于这种认识，“社会排斥”和“社会包容”（法国称之为“社会融入”）的概念从90年代开始得到积极应用。欧盟及欧盟各国都希望通过就业措施而不仅仅是福利措施来实现社会包容，从福利到工作福利的道路已成为发达国家的共同道路，但无论是通过硬措施还是软措施来实现，都存在着很大的距离。社会包容的概念是它试图从综合的角度来解决这个问题。法国的“插入支持”措施就是一种模式。

I have researced the issue of employment insertion support for persons in social difficulties in Ile-de-Frence Prefecture of France. I have accounted for these support in France by means of concrete measures of Paris City and Ile-de-France Prefecture.On the other hand, regarding the whole Europe not just France, the European Union tackles the issuue of persons in social difficulties, and has established the European employment strategy and policy toward social exclusion.From both range of vision, I have analyzed more effectiveness of Employment Support for Persons in Social Difficulties.In Japan, while similar problem becomes intensified, the gouverment has executed "support aimed at self-subsistence". Of course, I think that "the self-subsistence" or "independence" is important for our living, but that the acquisition of it is became ostracized by the social facters. Consequently, the new policy and action of "societal organization" is required.In Europe, with just such recognition, the concept of "social exclusion" and "social inclusion" ("social insertion" called in France) was used actively from the nineties. EU and each country in EU aim at the actualization of social inclusion thorough the employment measure, not only the welfare measure.Altogether, the road from welfare to workfare has become common ones in advanced countries, but there is the great distance concerning, whether it actualizes with hard measure or with soft measure. Concept of social inclusion is something which it tries to tackle this issue from comprehensive point of view. And the French "insertion support" measure is one model.