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Policies and Realities of Homelessness in the Countries of the European Union

欧盟国家无家可归的政策和现实

基本信息

批准号：
12572019
负责人：
FUKUHARA Hiroyuki
金额：
$ 7.62万
依托单位：
Osaka City University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
2000
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2000 至 2001
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-12572019/
关键词：
homeless social exclusion poverty rough sleepers aid for independence social protection social residence 失業公的扶助居住権

项目摘要

Through this project several field studies were made in Germany, UK, France, USA and in Belgium. We have visited 10 to 15 institutions, NGOs and experts in each country to have interviews with them and made clear the characteristics of homelessness in each country as well as national policies tackling with it.Firstly, we have found out that the concepts of homelessness in European countries have wider extension than in Japan. The focus of the policies tackling with homelessness in those countries therefore is not restricted to rough sleepers (people living on the street), and the households staying at emergency shelters, social welfare institutions, dormitories for fatherless families or houses of their friends are also included in the targets of the policies. Those policies to help homeless people are implemented according not to a specific law dedicated exclusively to them, but to the universal public aid system open to all the citizens in need. In the USA, however, the aids are prov … More ided within the framework of a specific Act addressed to homeless people, despite the wider conception of homelessness similar to the European countries.Secondly, although the basic ideas or viewpoints of policy are common in the European countries we have investigated (e.g., "social exclusion" and "social inclusion"), there are some national differences in their styles of policy implementation. Since Germany is a federal state, regional differences are prominent. The Blair government in the UK organized the Social Exclusion Unit to tackle homelessness as one of its political priorities. In France, after the enactment of the Act against Social Exclusion in 1998, policies in the past are being systematically improved and developed.Thirdly and lastly, it is remarkable that the assistance activities of NGOs are very active both in the European countries and the USA. This will be an evidence of the fact that many citizens regard homelessness as an important problem in their own societies.We have already published some results of the research project and will do it further in the future. Less

通过该项目，在德国、英国、法国、美国和比利时进行了多项实地研究。我们走访了各国10至15家机构、非政府组织和专家，进行了采访，明确了各国无家可归问题的特点以及应对无家可归问题的国家政策。首先，我们发现欧洲国家的无家可归概念比日本的外延更广。因此，这些国家解决无家可归问题的政策重点不仅限于露宿者（流落街头的人），住在紧急避难所、社会福利机构、孤儿家庭宿舍或朋友家里的家庭也被纳入政策对象。这些帮助无家可归者的政策不是根据专门针对无家可归者的具体法律实施的，而是根据向所有有需要的公民开放的普遍公共援助系统实施的。然而，在美国，尽管无家可归的概念与欧洲国家相似，但援助是在专门针对无家可归者的法案框架内提供的。其次，尽管我们调查的欧洲国家的基本政策理念或观点是共同的（例如“社会排斥”和“社会包容”），但其政策实施方式存在一些国家差异。由于德国是联邦制国家，地区差异十分突出。英国布莱尔政府组织了社会排斥小组，将解决无家可归问题作为其政治优先事项之一。在法国，1998年《反对社会排斥法》颁布后，以往的政策正在得到系统的完善和发展。第三点也是最后一点，值得注意的是，无论是欧洲国家还是美国，非政府组织的援助活动都非常活跃。这将证明许多公民将无家可归视为自己社会中的一个重要问题。我们已经发表了该研究项目的一些结果，并将在未来进一步开展工作。较少的