Subcontract Act, Hold-up problem, and the Anti-monopoly Policy of Japan

转包法、套牢问题与日本的反垄断政策

• 批准号: 16530187
• 负责人: MASUDA Tatsuyoshi
• 金额: $ 1.98万
• 依托单位: Hokusei Gakuen University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 2004
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2004 至 2006
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-16530187/
• 关键词: Hold-up problem; Subcontract Act; Japanese Fair Trade Commission; Law and Economics; 情報の非対称性; ロックイン; ホールドアップ; 支払い条件; 不不完備契約

Japanese Subcontract Act (Act Against Delay in Payment of Subcontract Proceeds, etc., to Subcontractors), has been enforced by Japanese Fair Trade Commission (JFTC) since 1956. It has been said that long-term transaction relationship between parental entrepreneurs and subcontractors caused the locked-in and hold-up problems.First, we examine industries with high possibilities of these problems. By using the index (the number of parental entrepreneurs and the ratio of subcontract proceeds to total sales), we specify 3 industries.Second, we investigate prohibited conducts which we can explain as concrete examples of these problems. The most number of illegal conducts is "delay in payment", followed by "delivering long-term bill" and reducing the amount of subcontract proceeds. Recently we can confirm the following illegal conducts have increased; non-preparation and non-preservation of documentation setting forth the work of the subcontractor, the receipt of work, payment of the contract proceeds and other matters.Third, we examine how degree does JFTC mitigate the hold-up problems. We employ the OLS method.We adopt and define the following dependent variables; (1) the number of delay in payment to total illegal conducts, and (2) the number of delivering long-term bill to total illegal conducts. We adopt and define the following independent variables. Investigation ability of JFTC; (1) the number of subcontract division staff to the total staff of JFTC, and (2) the ratio of working capital of subcontract act to the total budget of JFTC. Judging from the significance of their estimations, the increase of staff and budget mitigated hold-up problems

日本分包合同法（防止分包合同收益等延迟支付法，日本公平贸易委员会（JFTC）自1956年以来一直在执行。有人说，母公司和分包商之间的长期交易关系导致了锁定和套牢问题。首先，我们考察了这些问题可能性高的行业。利用母公司企业家的数量和销售额占总销售额的比例这两个指标，我们确定了3个行业。第二，我们调查了可以作为这些问题的具体例子加以说明的被禁止的行为。违法行为数量最多的是“拖延付款”，其次是“交付长期票据”和减少应收账款金额。最近可以确认的是，不准备和不保存分包商的工作文件、不接受工作、不支付合同款项等违法行为有所增加。第三，调查公平贸易委员会如何缓解拖延问题。我们采用OLS方法，我们采用并定义了以下因变量：（1）延迟支付次数占全部违法行为的比例，（2）交付长期票据次数占全部违法行为的比例。我们采用并定义了以下自变量。JFTC的调查能力;（1）调查司工作人员人数与公平贸易委员会工作人员总数的比例;（2）调查委员会的流动资金与公平贸易委员会总预算的比例。从他们的估计的重要性来看，人员和预算的增加缓解了拖延问题