The Life History of Teachers in the Era of Marketization of Education

本研究的结果可归纳为以下两个主要课题：1.研究结果：教师生活史研究的方法论考察在回顾日本、北美和英国教师生活史研究现状的基础上，对教师生活史研究的方法进行了考察，并将北美和英国教师生活史研究的一些成果介绍到日本并翻译成日语。此外，为了考察生活史研究的趋势，本文还考察了早期在教学专业和教育研究领域以及社会学领域的文献。在教学专业研究领域，教师主要是从实证主义的角度来研究的。然而，近年来，社会学领域从建构主义的角度对生命史进行了研究。今后，在教育领域，对建构主义的研究将具有重要的意义。教育改革对教师的影响最近的教育改革对教师工作场所环境的变化进行了调查。当前的教育改革使教师的工作更加繁忙，而教育思想对教学方法的改变，以学生成绩下降的讨论为例，使教师更加困惑。通过对教师的调查和采访，了解了这些事情的实际情况，表明教师们已经接受了他们必须服从的现行教育改革。调查和访谈仍在继续，结果将于近期公布。

The results of this research are summarized as below two main topics.1. The Methodological Examination of the Life History of TeachersThe method of life history in the research of teachers was examined in reviewing the state of the research in Japan, the North America and the UK and some results of life history research in the North America and the UK were introduced in Japan to translate them into Japanese. Moreover, to examine the trends of life history research, the earlier literatures which are not only in the field of research of teaching professions and education but also in the field of sociology, are examined. In the field of research of teaching professions, teachers have been mainly researched from the position of positivism. However, recently, from the position of constructivism the life history has been researched in the field of sociology. From now, in the field of education, the research by the position of the constructivism will be important.2. The Effects of Educational Reforms on TeachersThe changes of circumstances of teachers' workplaces owing to recent educational reforms have been investigated. The current educational reforms made teachers' work much busier and the changes educational ideology about teaching method as the case of the discussion on the decline of students' achievement have made teachers more confused. The actual state of these matters was clarified by the investigation and interview into teachers and it was showed that teachers have accepted the current educational reforms which they have to obey. The investigation and interview are continued and the results will publish in the near future.