Improvement of Piano Tuning in Music Education---Using Classical Temperaments instead of 12 Equal Temperament

12等气质有400分大调三度，比纯大调三度高14分，听起来不悦耳，节拍嘈杂。本文通过对Pytagorean、meantone、werkmaster、Kirnberger、Bach-Lehmann、Varotti-Young等6种古典气质的理论思考和对比听力测试，对现代键盘调音的大三和弦进行改进研究，将Young气质作为古典中最好的一种引入。现代键盘乐器在古典气质中调音的困难在于钢琴琴弦的不和谐。基本音的音高与低八度的2^<和>泛音并不严格一致，理论上相同的音符的频率差异会带来不舒服的节拍。经过多次试验，这架钢琴成功地以最小的八度音程拉伸调成杨氏律。钢琴上的杨氏三和弦发出和谐的声音，并根据调性的变化而改变其颜色。Al至最高A7的基本调音八度中每4^< >和5^< >音程和泛音分率（包括不谐音）每秒拍数见表。

12 equal temperament has 400 cent major 3rd witch is 14 cent higher than pure major 3rd and sounds unmusically with noisy beats. In this research to improve major triads of the modern keyboard tuning, Young temperament is introduced as the best of the classical others, after the theoretical consideration and comparative hearing tests of the 6 classical temperaments such as Pytagorean, meantone, Werkmaister, Kirnberger, Bach-Lehmann and Varotti-Young temperaments. The difficulty of modern keyboard instruments to tune in classical temperament is inharmonicity of the piano strings. The pitch of the fundamental tone does not strictly coincide with the 2^<nd> overtone of the lower octave and the difference of the frequency of the theoretically same notes brings uncomfortable beats. After many trials the piano was successfully tuned in Young temperament with minimum octave stretch. The Young triad on the piano sounds harmonically and varies its color according to the change of tonality. The number of beats per second of every 4^<th> and 5^<th> intervals in the fundamental tuning octave and overtone cent rate (including inharmonicity), of Al to the highest A7 are showed in the tables.